Essentials of Veterinary Ophthalmology. Kirk N. Gelatt

Figure 1.42 The majority of aqueous humor flows from the posterior chamber (...Figure 1.43 Located between the ciliary body meshwork and the sclera (i.e., ...Figure 1.44 (a) The canine choroid (C) consists of the suprachoroidea (1), l...Figure 1.45 SEM of the posterior canine eye shows that the choroid (C) is co...Figure 1.46 The carnivorous tapetum lucidum consists of layers of cells, cal...Figure 1.47 Composite drawing of the lens, capsule, attachments, and nuclear...Figure 1.48 Young horse lens near the equator. (a) Lens capsule. (b) Columna...Figure 1.49 Drawing of the embryonal lens (i.e., nucleus) shows the anterior...Figure 1.50 Zonular attachments to the lens in a dog. (a) SEM shows that zon...Figure 1.51 Schematic illustrating the various components of and spaces with...Figure 1.52 Relationship between different neuronal cells within the retina....Figure 1.53 The retina consists of nine discrete layers and a supportive pig...Figure 1.54 The photoreceptor layer of the pig contains many cones (C) among...Figure 1.55 Tip of the outer segment discs in a rod of a young dog. Note tha...Figure 1.56 (a) The avian pecten, as seen here in the chicken, consists of a...Figure 1.57 The optic nerve head and bulbar optic nerve of a dog. Arrows ind...

      2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 The tear film is a complex multilayered fluid phase. This figure ...Figure 2.2 In the normal cornea (a), a cross section of the corneal fibrils ...Figure 2.3 Schematic of collagen fiber organization in the canine cornea. Th...Figure 2.4 Schematic of corneal innervation. The limbal plexus is a ring‐lik...Figure 2.5 Schematic of AH production across the PE and NPE of the ciliary b...Figure 2.6 AH drainage occurs via the traditional and uveoscleral outflow pa...Figure 2.7 Chemical composition of the aqueous humor and lens. Water and pro...Figure 2.8 Representation of light as a wave, which is characterized by two ...Figure 2.9 Refraction of light as it passes from one medium to another is go...Figure 2.10 Refraction of light through various lenses. (a) A spherical conv...Figure 2.11 The effect of vitreous elongation on ocular refraction. (a) A fo...Figure 2.12 (a) In emmetropia, parallel light rays are focused on the retina...Figure 2.13 Schematic drawing of the mammalian retina with part of the choro...Figure 2.14 (a) The discs of the outer segments (facing the retinal pigment ...Figure 2.15 A considerable amount of processing of data from the photorecept...Figure 2.16 In a comprehensive canine ERG protocol, following preparation of...Figure 2.17 (a) The visual field of the horse showing a frontal binocular fi...Figure 2.18 Binocular disparity and the perception of stereoscopic depth. Th...Figure 2.19 A colorful dog, as seen by a normal trichromat (a). In (b), the ...

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 The BAB in the anterior segment consists of the endothelial cells...Figure 3.2 Disposition of ophthalmic drugs after instillation to the eye. On...Figure 3.3 Topically applied medications can enter the systemic circulation ...Figure 3.4 The differences between the drug levels between single eyedrop in...Figure 3.5 Routes of drug distribution after subconjunctival injection.Figure 3.6 Contribution of carbonic anhydrase to AH formation in the pigment...Figure 3.7 Effect on IOP of 0.005% latanoprost in the Beagle with primary op...

      4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Horse skull depicting sites for the auriculopalpebral (a and b), ...Figure 4.2 Corneal reflex. Corneal sensation is tested by means of a wisp of...Figure 4.3 Use of a handheld slit‐lamp biomicroscope in a dog.Figure 4.4 Optics of direct ophthalmoscopy. The direct ophthalmoscope allows...Figure 4.5 Close direct ophthalmoscopy. The examiner must be as close as pos...Figure 4.6 Direct ophthalmoscope head. (a) Observer's side with viewing aper...Figure 4.7 Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy with the Keeler Vantage head‐mo...Figure 4.8 Comparison of direct (a and d), panoptic (b and e), and indirect ...Figure 4.9 The optics of binocular indirect ophthalmoscope allow the light f...Figure 4.10 Monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. The technique can be carried ...Figure 4.11 The panoptic ophthalmoscope is a good compromise between the dir...Figure 4.12 Retinoscopy carried out in a dog. Note the working distance of 6...Figure 4.13 Gonioscopy lenses can be divided into direct and indirect. (a) D...Figure 4.14 Koeppe lens in situ. The lens is retained by suction on the corn...Figure 4.15 Normal ICA in a Flat‐Coated Retriever.Figure 4.16 Corneal sensation can be assessed quantitatively by a Cochet–Bon...Figure 4.17 (a) To obtain a conjunctival sample, for either microbiology or ...Figure 4.18 Aqueous tear production can be accessed by the Schirmer tear tes...Figure 4.19 Ophthalmic stains. A. Fluorescein dye is available as a sterile ...Figure 4.20 Application of fluorescein dye. The fluorescein impregnated stri...Figure 4.21 Jones test (fluorescein dye passage test) in a one‐year‐old Labr...Figure 4.22 A positive Jones result at the right nostril in a horse.Figure 4.23 Selection of plastic and metal lacrimal cannulas suitable for pe...Figure 4.24 Nasolacrimal flush in a dog. With a 2–5‐ml syringe of sterile sa...Figure 4.25 Positive Seidel test depicts a leaking corneal wound at 12 o'clo...Figure 4.26 Indentation tonometry. (a) Schiotz tonometer with 7.5 and 10.0 g...Figure 4.27 Applanation tonometry. (a) TonoPen Vet. (b) The footplate contai...Figure 4.28 Rebound tonometry with the TonoVet in a dog.Figure 4.29 Paracentesis. (a) Aqueous paracentesis. The hypodermic needle is...Figure 4.30 Reformatted sagittal CT images of a normal feline globe seen in ...Figure 4.31 (a) Dacryocystorhinogram of the normal nasolacrimal duct system ...Figure 4.32 The appearance of the normal canine globe and orbit on (a) dorsa...Figure 4.33 (a) Noncontact specular microscopy being undertaken on an anesth...Figure 4.34 OCT with 3D reconstruction images of the fundus of a normal, 15‐...Figure 4.35 Normal equine fluorescent antibody image with maximal fluorescen...Figure 4.36 (a) Standardized