Essentials of Veterinary Ophthalmology. Kirk N. Gelatt

edem...Figure 14.27 Corneal dystrophy/degeneration. (a) Presumed endothelial dystro...Figure 14.28 (a) A subconjunctival limbal melanocytoma extends into the deep...Figure 14.29 Iris heterochromia in a white domestic shorthair cat.Figure 14.30 Esotropia in a feral DSH cat of unknown age.Figure 14.31 A network of PPMs originates at the iris collarette and spans t...Figure 14.32 The left pupil tilts along its vertical axis and is offset nasa...Figure 14.33 (a) A single darkly pigmented iris cyst remains attached within...Figure 14.34 (a) Mild rubeosis iridis with fine keratic precipitates and a s...Figure 14.35 (a) A fibrinous exudate obscures the severe rubeosis iridis tha...Figure 14.36 (a) Intraretinal and subretinal exudates appear as dark foci sc...Figure 14.37 Leishmaniasis in a 21‐year‐old European shorthair with prolifer...Figure 14.38 Mycotic uveitis. Panuveitis in a five‐year‐old DSH with cryptoc...Figure 14.39 (a) A flat area of pigmentation is interpreted as iris melanosi...Figure 14.40 (a) The right and (b) left eye of an FeLV‐negative six‐year‐old...Figure 14.41 Bilateral congenital glaucoma characterized by buphthalmos and ...Figure 14.42 (a) Photomicrograph from a feline globe with glaucoma secondary...Figure 14.43 Congenital cataracts. Immature cataracts were present bilateral...Figure 14.44 Traumatic cataract in an adult DSH following a penetrating inju...Figure 14.45 Subtle rubeosis iridis and lens capsule pigmentation accompanie...Figure 14.46 (a) The normal feline fundus is characterized by a brightly ref...Figure 14.47 Congenital retinal folds appear as dark spots and branching lin...Figure 14.48 Taurine deficiency retinopathy. (a) Early in the deficiency, bi...Figure 14.49 Generalized tapetal hyperreflectivity and profound retinal vess...Figure 14.50 Enrofloxacin‐associated retinal degeneration. (a) Increased tap...Figure 14.51 Mycotic chorioretinitis. (a) Multifocal circles of subretinal e...Figure 14.52 Hypertensive retinopathy. (a) Bullous retinal detachment and su...Figure 14.53 An optic disc coloboma in a four‐year‐old Siamese appears as a ...Figure 14.54 Proptosis in the cat is usually the result of severe head traum...Figure 14.55 Orbital cellulitis in a three‐year‐old DSH with periocular swel...Figure 14.56 (a) Orbital SCC in a 14‐year‐old DSH with secondary exophthalmo...

      15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Nerve blocks used in the equine eye exam. (a) The auriculopalpeb...Figure 15.2 Microphthalmos in a foal with nictitans protrusion and conjuncti...Figure 15.3 Strabismus (hypertropia) in a foal with congenital cataract.Figure 15.4 Corneal dermoid in a foal. Note the pale spots within the pigmen...Figure 15.5 Congenital iris abnormalities in foals. (a) Iris hypoplasia dors...Figure 15.6 Horses affected with MCOA. (a) Individuals with the silver dappl...Figure 15.7 Congenital cataracts in foals. (a) Remnants of the tunica vascul...Figure 15.8 Corneal edema from congenital glaucoma in a foal.Figure 15.9 Ocular fundus abnormalities in the foal. (a) Focal peripapillary...Figure 15.10 Congenital retinal detachment in a foal. The retina is torn and...Figure 15.11 Eyelid abnormalities in foals. (a) Severe lower lid entropion a...Figure 15.12 (a) Severe upper lid laceration in a horse. (b) Surgical repair...Figure 15.13 Corneal ulcerations in foals. (a) Melting ulcer (keratomalacia)...Figure 15.14 Periorbital sinuses. The frontal (conchofrontal), maxillary (ca...Figure 15.15 (a) Fractures of the dorsal orbital rim are most common in hors...Figure 15.16 Extension of SCC from the eyelids and the nictitans into the or...Figure 15.17 Eyelid lacerations are often full‐thickness and require exact r...Figure 15.18 SCC is the most frequent ophthalmic neoplasm in the adult horse...Figure 15.19 Extensive SCC that has effaced the entire lower eyelid.Figure 15.20 SCC presents as either a mass or an ulcerated area. (a) SCC may...Figure 15.21 There are many therapeutic options for SCC. Early and aggressiv...Figure 15.22 Sarcoids are the second most frequent ophthalmic neoplasm in ad...Figure 15.23 Multiple melanomas of the eyelids, caruncle, and conjunctiva in...Figure 15.24 Nodular conjunctival lymphoma in a horse.Figure 15.25 Corneal ulcers are characterized by the loss of epithelium and ...Figure 15.26 SPL lavage treatment system placed in the upper conjunctival fo...Figure 15.27 Indolent ulcer with characteristic hyperplastic and nonadherent...Figure 15.28 Corneal foreign body consisting of organic material in the ante...Figure 15.29 Fungal infections are common in the horse, especially in the so...Figure 15.30 Fungal keratitis can present with multiple forms of keratitis. ...Figure 15.31 Bacterial keratitis and ulceration is also a common corneal dis...Figure 15.32 (a) Iris prolapse in a horse accompanied by severe anterior uve...Figure 15.33 Corneal abscessation in horse. (a) Large stromal abscess with s...Figure 15.34 (a) Illustration of a corneal abscess in the posterior stroma. ...Figure 15.35 Suspected viral keratitis in the horse. (a) Multifocal stromal ...Figure 15.36 IMMK complex is divided by the depth of cornea affected. (a) Ep...Figure 15.37 EK that appears as a white plaque at a common location under th...Figure 15.38 Calcific band keratopathy in a chronic ERU eye with an associat...Figure 15.39 Raised, fleshy corneal SCC. Corneal SCC usually arise from the ...Figure 15.40 Corpora nigra cysts, if large or within the pupil, can affect v...Figure 15.41 Iris melanoma in a blue iris.Figure 15.42 Anterior uveitis is usually divided into acute and chronic, whi...Figure 15.43 Significant destructive effects of inflammation occur with chro...Figure 15.44 Placement of a CsA‐releasing device under a scleral flap adjace...Figure 15.45 Glaucoma in the horses associated with age, previous uveitis, a...Figure 15.46 Cataracts, like other species, present in different areas, shap...Figure 15.47 Two‐handed surgical technique for phacofragmentation of an equi...Figure 15.48 The different ophthalmoscopic appearances of the normal equine ...Figure 15.49 Horse with posterior ERU with yellow cellular infiltrate in the...Figure 15.50 Horse with advanced vitreal degeneration, or syneresis, which i...Figure 15.51 Peripapillary chorioretinitis and focal retinal detachment in a...Figure 15.52 (a) Large scars from ERU‐induced chorioretinitis. (b) Peripapil...Figure 15.53 Focal chorioretinopathy, or bullet‐hole chorioretinitis, is mul...Figure 15.54 Reticulated or honeycomb pattern of accumulations of yellow‐bro...Figure 15.55 (a) Diffuse retinal detachment in the nontapetal ocular fundus ...Figure 15.56 Pale optic nerve and deceased retinal vascularity associated wi...Figure 15.57 PON in a 20‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare.

      16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Microphthalmia of the left eye in a calf. The right eye is norma...Figure 16.2 A Holstein calf with convergent strabismus and exophthalmosFigure 16.3 Marked bilateral exophthalmos due to retrobulbar fat deposition ...Figure 16.4 Exophthalmos with marked hyperemia and thickening of both the pa...Figure 16.5 Extensive traumatic eyelid laceration in a cowFigure 16.6 Erosive lesion on lower eyelid, presumptive of early OSCC change...Figure 16.7 Papillomas of the left eyelid and periocular area in a steerFigure 16.8 Keratoacanthomas (keratinized elongated proliferative lesions) o...Figure 16.9 A large dermoid involving the nictitating membrane in Hereford c...Figure 16.10 Conjunctivitis, chemosis and white, lymphocytic, conjunctival p...Figure 16.11 Extensive corneal edema and conjunctivitis in a cow associated ...Figure 16.12 Cross section of a M. bovis bacterium harvested from rough colo...Figure 16.13 Cells from smooth (a) and rough (b) colonies of M. bovis. Only ...Figure 16.14 Early, faint fluorescein retention by a central cornea affected...Figure 16.15 Midstromal corneal ulcer surrounded by corneal edema and early ...Figure 16.16 Large, deep stromal corneal ulcer surrounded by cellular infilt...Figure 16.17 Central corneal granulation and fibrosis secondary to corneal u...Figure 16.18 Central corneal perforation with staphyloma formation associate...Figure 16.19 Secondary glaucoma with buphthalmos due to IBKFigure 16.20 Limbal gray‐white plaque in a Hereford cow.Figure 16.21 Limbal papilloma in a cow.Figure 16.22 Extensive invasive limbal squamous cell carcinoma involving mor...Figure 16.23 Ulcerated squamous cell carcinoma lesion involving the lower ey...Figure 16.24 Invasion of the anterior chamber and glaucoma associated with s...Figure 16.25 Lateral view of the Peterson nerve block for retrobulbar anesth...Figure 16.26 Buphthalmos in a nine‐year‐old Friesian cow that has perilimbal...Figure 16.27 Funduscopic views through the aphakic crescent of a glaucomatou...Figure 16.28 Iridal heterochromia in an albino beef Shorthorn calf. Clinical...Figure 16.29 Tricolored heterochromic iris of a Hereford bull with dominant ...Figure 16.30 Complete cataract secondary to uveitis. Note multiple areas of ...Figure 16.31 Immature cortical and nuclear cataract of unknown cause in an A...Figure 16.32 Normal bovine ocular fundus. The optic disc is predominantly in...Figure 16.33 The ocular fundus of a subalbinotic Shorthorn calf. The tapetal...Figure 16.34 Typical coloboma of the optic disc and nontapetal fundus. The m...Figure 16.35 Papilledema and retinal degeneration secondary to avitaminosis ...Figure 16.36 Inferior eyelid entropion and secondary keratitis in a lambFigure 16.37 Early stage of keratoconjunctivitis associated with mycoplasma ...Figure 16.38 Keratoconjunctivitis associated with mycoplasma infection in a ...Figure 16.39 Keratoconjunctivitis associated with mycoplasma infection in a ...Figure 16.40 Normal ovine ocular fundus. The kidney‐shaped optic disc is at ...Figure