Core Microbiome. Группа авторов

Kumar, G., Kanaujia, N., and Bafana, A. (2012). Functional and phylogenetic diversity of root-associated bacteria of Ajuga bracteosa in Kangra valley. Microbiological Research 167: 220–225. DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2011.09.001

      34 34 Hardoim, P.R., van Overbeek, L.S., Berg, G., Pirttilä, A.M., Compante, S., Campisano, A. et al. (2015). The hidden World within plants: Ecological and evolutionary considerations for defining functioning of microbial endophytes. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 79: 293–320. DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00050-14

      35 35 Chandra, S. (2012). Endophytic fungi: Novel sources of anticancer lead molecules. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 95: 47–59. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4128-7

      36 36 Pal, K.K. and McSpadden Gardener, B. (2006). Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. Plant Health Instr.

      37 37 Lecomte, C., Alabouvette, C., Edel-Hermann, V., Robert, F., and Steinberg, C. (2016). Biological control of ornamental plant diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum: A review. Biological Control 101: 17–30.

      38 38 Eljounaidi, K., Lee, S.K., and Bae, H. (2016). Bacterial endophytes as potential biocontrol agents of vascular wilt diseases—Review and future prospects. Biological Control 103: 62–68.

      39 39 Latz, M.A.C., Jensen, B., Collinge, D.B., and Jørgensen, H.J.L. (2018). Endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents: Elucidating mechanisms in disease suppression. Plant Ecology & Diversity 11: 555–567.

      40 40 De Silva, N.I., Brooks, S., Lumyong, S., and Hyde, K.D. (2019). Use of endophytes as biocontrol agents. Fungal Biology Reviews 33: 133–148.

      41 41 Morales-Cedeño, L.R., delCarmenOrozco-Mosqueda, M., Loeza-Lara, P.D., Parra-Cota, F.I., de losSantos-Villalobos, S., and Santoyo, G. (2021). Plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes as biocontrol agents of pre-and post-harvest diseases: Fundamentals, methods of application and future perspectives. Microbiological Research 242: 126612.

      42 42 Santoyo, G., delOrozco-mosqueda, M.C., and Govindappa, M. (2012). Mechanisms of biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activity in soil bacterial species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas: A review. Biocontrol Science and Technology 22: 855–872.

      43 43 Dobbelaere, S., Vanderleyden, J., and Okon, Y. (2003). Plant growth-promoting effects of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 22: 107–149.

      44 44 Gray, E.J. and Smith, D.L. (2005). Intracellular and extracellular PGPR: Commonalities and distinctions in the plant-bacterium signaling processes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37: 395–412.

      45 45 Schroth, M.N. and Hancock, J.G. (1982). Disease-suppressive soil and root-colonizing bacteria. Science 216: 1376–1381.

      46 46 Kloepper, J.W., Lifshitz, R., and Zablotowicz, R.M. (1989). Free-living bacterial inocula for enhancing crop productivity. Trends in Biotechnology 7: 39–43.

      47 47 Podile, A.R. and Kishore, G.K. (2006). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. In: Plant-Associated Bacteria, (ed. S.S.Gnanamanickam), 195–230. Netherlands: Springer.

      48 48 Glick, B.R. (1995). The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41: 109–117.

      49 49 Castronovo, L.M., Vassallo, A., Mengoni, A., Miceli, E., Bogani, P., Firenzuoli, F., Fani, R., and Maggini, V. (2021). Medicinal plants and their bacterial microbiota: A review on antimicrobial compounds production for plant and human health. Pathogens 10 (106). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020106

      50 50 Verma, V.C., Gond, S.K., Kumar, A., Kharwar, R.N., and Strobel, G. (2007). The endophytic mycoflora of bark, leaf, and stem tissues of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) from Varanasi (India). Microbial Ecology 54: 119–125.

      51 51 Verma, V.C., Gond, S.K., Kumar, A., Kharwar, R.N., Boulanger, L.A. and Strobel, G.A. (2011). Endophytic Fungal Flora from Roots and Fruits of an Indian Neem Plant Azadirachta indica A. Juss., and Impact of Culture Media on their Isolation. Indian Journal of Microbiology 51: 469–476.

      52 52 James, T.Y., Kauff, F., Schoch, C.L., Matheny, P.B., Hofstetter, V., Cox, C.J., Celio, G., Gueidan, C., Fraker, E., and Miadlikowska, J. et al. (2006). Reconstructing the early evolution of fungi using a six-gene phylogeny. Nature 443: 818–822.

      53 53 Maharachchikumbura, S.S., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.G., McKenzie, E.H., Huang, S.K., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Daranagama, D.A., Dayarathne, M., D’souza, M.J., and Goonasekara, I.D. et al. (2015). Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 72: 199–301.

      54 54 Chutulo, E.C. and Chalannavar, R.K. (2018). Endophytic Mycoflora and Their Bioactive Compounds from Azadirachta Indica: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Fungi 4 (2): 42.

2 Plant Microbiome A Key to Managing Plant Diseases

       Dipal B. Minipara1, Khushboo Pachhigar2, and Himanshu R. Barot3

       ¹ Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

       ² Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India

       ³ Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, Gujarat, India

      2.1 Introduction

      Microbes are fundamental for a balanced life on Earth, and understanding their function is crucial. Culture-based microbial techniques and next-generation sequencing have added benefits. Metagenomics studies have allowed studying the microbial genome and its function, which are not culturable but have an essential role in the ecosystem. Microbiome study enables the exploration of the genome of all microorganisms, including symbiont and pathogens. The microbial community varies with host health and environmental factors that shape the microbiome. The concept of association of microbiome with plant health and disease state received focus over the past decades. However, it is critical to identify prominent microbiota associated with biotic stress in variable environmental conditions on the field, as most studies were conducted under greenhouse conditions. Core microbiota, a host-associated persistence microbial community carrying functional genes, are critically important for plant health. Therefore, identifying host-associated core microbiota and their response toward biotic stress is essential to understanding disease management and improving productivity.

Plant microbiome can be categorized at the interface where plant