Sustainable Agriculture Systems and Technologies. Группа авторов

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Название Sustainable Agriculture Systems and Technologies
Автор произведения Группа авторов
Жанр Биология
Серия
Издательство Биология
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9781119808558



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target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="#ulink_2c07731d-f527-53c3-acbb-3ec1c8c88b08">Figure 1.2a from data obtained from National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 4. It shows that the highest prevalence of stunting is seen in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, and Madhya Pradesh with more than 40% of children stunted, while Kerala, Goa, and Tripura have less than 25% of children stunted. Lessons can be taken from these states to improve the status in other states. Also, regional disparities were observed with higher percentage of stunting in rural area as compared to urban area. This is subject to the reasons that sanitation, antenatal care, and literacy are higher in the urban side. This means, emphasis on improvement of these parameters can help uplift the children from malnutrition.

Schematic illustration of status of undernutrition in India. (a) Prevalence of stunted children. (b) Prevalence of child wasting. (c) Prevalence of underweight children. (d) Under-five mortality rate.

      Source: Based on NFHS 2015–16 .

      (See insert for color representation of the figure.)

Schematic illustration of trend of undernutrition over time in India 2005–2006 vs 2015–2016.

      Average Annual Rate of Reduction – It is the average relative percentage decrease per year in prevalence or rate (WHO). A positive sign indicated reduction in the prevalence and negative sign indicates increase in the prevalence. It is calculated by the formula:

upper Y Subscript t plus n Baseline equals upper Y Subscript t Baseline left-parenthesis 1 minus b percent-sign right-parenthesis Superscript n

      where Y t + n is the prevalence of the next year, Y t is the prevalence of the given year, and b% is the annual rate of reduction (UNICEF 2015).

      In conclusion, we can say that the most vulnerable states in terms of hunger security are Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Bihar. The states which have performed well in reducing the prevalence are Tripura and Himachal Pradesh. Both the states have least prevalence of hunger. Giving us a lesson, although centrally sponsored schemes are there, still regional disparity makes the difference. States with higher dependence on agriculture and tribal population have higher level of hunger, indicating unequal income distribution and lack of improvement in influencing factors.