Small Animal Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy. Группа авторов

19.4 Port placement for renal biopsy in lateral recumbency.Figure 19.5 Graphic representation of acceptable needle path angles. The nee...Figure 19.6 Laparoscopic visualization of a needle biopsy.Figure 19.7 After removal of the biopsy needle, pressure is applied by a blu...Figure 19.8 A hemostatic cellulose product has been applied to the biopsy si...

      23 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 A large multi‐lobulated mass can be seen obliterating the left k...Figure 20.2 Operating room layout for laparoscopic ureteronephrectomy. Durin...Figure 20.3 Port positioning for laparoscopic multiport transperitoneal uret...Figure 20.4 Port position for the single port or “single‐port plus 1” techni...Figure 20.5 The vessel‐sealing device can be seen dissecting and sealing the...Figure 20.6 A pair of 10‐mm right‐angled laparoscopic forceps are positioned...Figure 20.7 Feline laparoscopic ureteronephrectomy. A vessel‐sealing device ...Figure 20.8 Laparoscopic hemoclips have been placed on the renal artery befo...Figure 20.9 In this feline laparoscopic ureteronephrectomy, the ureter has b...Figure 20.10 Laparoscopic hemoclips are being applied to the terminal portio...Figure 20.11 A completely dissected kidney is being placed into a specimen r...

      24 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 (A) Open cystotomy on a male dog with a large cystic calculus. (...Figure 21.2 Radiograph of male dog with numerous large cystic and urethral c...Figure 21.3 Radiograph of a female dog with multiple small cystic calculi.Figure 21.4 Male dog in dorsal recumbency clipped for laparoscopic‐assisted ...Figure 21.5 Male cat in dorsal recumbency clipped for laparoscopic‐assisted ...Figure 21.6 Multipurpose rigid endoscope.Figure 21.7 Pediatric operating cystoscope.Figure 21.8 Flexible ureteroscope Flex XC.Figure 21.9 Flexible ureteroscope Flex X2.Figure 21.10 Five‐mm port with Luer lock (attached to suction tubing).Figure 21.11 Five‐mm Ternamian cannula.Figure 21.12 Stone basket (resterilizable).Figure 21.13 360° wound retractor device.Figure 21.14 Location of port position for the two‐port laparoscopic‐assiste...Figure 21.15 Location of port position for the percutaneous cystolithotomy o...Figure 21.16 Operating room set‐up for laparoscopic‐assisted cystotomy or pe...Figure 21.17 The bladder apex is grasped using laparoscopic Babcock forceps....Figure 21.18 The port incision is enlarged to create a mini‐laparotomy, and ...Figure 21.19 Complete cystopexy at the second cannula site.Figure 21.20 Larger uroliths can be grasped with forceps introduced next to ...Figure 21.21 A wound retraction device properly positioned in the abdomen.Figure 21.22 Threaded cannula inserted into the ventral apex region of the u...Figure 21.23 Calculi visible in the trigonal region of the urinary bladder i...Figure 21.24 Flexible ureteroscope entering the threaded trocar on the ventr...Figure 21.25 Cystoscopic image of a single large 7‐mm urethral calculus in a...Figure 21.26 Same patient in Figure 21.25. The urethral calculus has been di...Figure 21.27 Transurethral cystoscopic illumination of an apical bladder mas...

      25 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 Intraoperative view from a 0°, 5‐mm telescope view of the left o...Figure 22.2 Intraoperative view from a 0°, 5‐mm telescope of the left uterin...Figure 22.3 Photo of the required hair clip and initial positioning in the o...Figure 22.4 Photograph of a hair clip if an ovariectomy hook or needle suspe...Figure 22.5 A resterilizable ovariectomy hook (Karl Storz Endoscopy, Goleta,...Figure 22.6 Photograph of patient positioned on a tilt table that is used to...Figure 22.7 The operating room layout for a laparoscopic ovariectomy (LapOVE...Figure 22.8 Line drawing of three‐port ventral midline placement for ovariec...Figure 22.9 Line drawing of two port median placement for ovariectomy used w...Figure 22.10 Line drawing showing a single‐port device placed at the umbilic...Figure 22.11 Intraoperative view of a blunt probe being used to hold the rig...Figure 22.12 The suspension suture is passed under transabdominal illuminati...Figure 22.13 Intraoperative view of the percutaneous suspension needle pierc...Figure 22.14 Intraoperative view of the vessel‐sealing device starting to di...Figure 22.15 The uterine horns and ovaries removed from the abdomen through ...Figure 22.16 An intraoperative view of a pyometra that has been exteriorized...Figure 22.17 The left ovarian bursa is lifted with a needlescopic suture gra...Figure 22.18 The cervix and uterine body have been incised on dorsal midline...

      26 Chapter 23Figure 23.1 Operating room set‐up. Because a majority of the procedure is pe...Figure 23.2 (A) Portal placement. Initial visual cannula placement is on mid...Figure 23.3 Immediately cranial to the inguinal canal the vas deferens (open...Figure 23.4 The vas deferens and testicular vasculature including all connec...Figure 23.5 Left inguinal canal with testicular vessels (black arrow). Vasec...Figure 23.6 Evaluating the inguinal canal. (A) If the testis has completed i...Figure 23.7 Locating an intraabdominal testicle. The gubernaculum (black arr...Figure 23.8 Extruding the testicle. If performing a laparoscopy‐assisted tec...Figure 23.9 Percutaneous suture placement. If bilateral, the first testicle ...

      27 Chapter 24Figure 24.1 Computed tomography lymphography of a perineal tumor demonstrati...Figure 24.2 Operating room setup for left‐sided lymph node dissection in lat...Figure 24.3 Operating room (OR) setup for dissection of the right‐sided node...Figure 24.4 Port placement for dissection of the left‐sided iliosacral lymph...Figure 24.5 Port placement for dissection of the left‐sided iliosacral lymph...Figure 24.6 Intraoperative image showing predissection regional anatomy (A) ...Figure 24.7 Intraoperative image showing predissection regional anatomy with...Figure 24.8 A view of intrapelvic sacral lymph nodes. The patient is in ster...Figure 24.9 View of sacral lymph nodes in lateral (A) and sternal (B) recumb...Figure 24.10 Intraoperative indirect lymphography with methylene blue highli...Figure 24.11 View of medial iliac lymph node in a dog presenting for anal sa...Figure 24.12 Excised hypogastric lymph node from a dog with anal sac gland a...

      28 Chapter 25Figure 25.1 Diaphragm, abdominal surface. (a), medial; (b), intermediate; (c...Figure 25.2 Diaphragm, thoracic surface.Figure 25.3 Thoracic radiograph of a 4‐year‐old German shepherd hit by a car...Figure 25.4 Thoracic radiograph in right lateral recumbency of the same dog ...Figure 25.5 Sagittal plane of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography image of...Figure 25.6 CT image of peritoneopericardial hernia.Figure 25.7 In peritoneopericardial hernia liver, gallbladder, and small int...Figure 25.8 Different presentations of traumatic or congenital hernias invol...Figure 25.9 Time operative room and equipment setup for diaphragmatic hernio...Figure 25.10 Portal placement for diaphragmatic herniorraphy.Figure 25.11 (A and B) Applying a tension suture at about the midpoint of th...Figure 25.12 The multidirectional traction platform is composed of three dif...Figure 25.13 Gasless diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy in a cadaver‐model of dog u...Figure 25.14 Traction can be applied using atraumatic instruments.Figure 25.15 Reduction of liver is accomplished by instruments lifting rathe...Figure 25.16 Adhesions dissected with a vessel sealing device.Figure 25.17 (A) Hernia closure starting in the dorsal end of the defect. (B...Figure 25.18 Evacuation of air from the pericardial space is achieved intrao...Figure 25.19 Time operative room and equipment setup for inguinal herniorrha...Figure 25.20 Cannula placement for a unilateral (left‐sided) hernia. For lef...Figure 25.21 Cannula placement for a bilateral hernia or in case of patient ...Figure 25.22 (A) Unilaterally (yellow arrow) laparoscopic inguinal herniorra...Figure 25.23 Incarcerated hernia involving the spleen in a dog. (A) The yell...Figure 25.24 Incarcerated hernia in a dog involving uterine horn (hysterocel...Figure 25.25 Sequence of application of an intracorporeal suture for inguina...

      29 Chapter 26Figure 26.1 Schematic showing how pairs of T‐fasteners are deployed from ins...Figure 26.2 Endoscopic view of the gastric mucosa after the gastrotomy has b...Figure 26.3 Position of patient, equipment, and surgical time (A and B). The...Figure 26.4 Sequence for positioning the portal for performing transvaginal ...Figure 26.5 Transvaginal H‐NOTES ovariectomy. (A) After raising the uterine ...Figure 26.6 Exposure of the reproductive tract through the vaginal wound to ...Figure 26.7 Sequence of portal introduction to the transvaginal T‐NOTES. (A)...Figure 26.8 (A) The peritoneal cavity is insufflated by the operating laparo...Figure 26.9 Sequence of OVE by T‐NOTES. (A) The uterine horn (U) is apprehen...Figure 26.10 (A) Removal of ovary and a small segment of uterine horn throug...Figure 26.11 Sequence of OHE by T‐NOTES. (A) Vaginal exposition and access u...

      30 Chapter 27Figure 27.1 Fogarty catheter with a catheter‐tipped balloon and a lockable i...Figure 27.2 Arndt endobronchial blocker. The loop in the distal end has been...Figure 27.3 Arndt endobronchial blocker showing the endoscope passed through...Figure 27.4 Diagram of the placement of the endobronchial blocker. The ballo...Figure 27.5 (A) End of the endobronchial blocker placed in the left mainstem...Figure 27.6 (A) Cohen endobronchial blocker showing the wheel at the proxima...Figure 27.7