Surgery of Exotic Animals. Группа авторов

sterile saline and then use sterile instruments to close the coelomic wall.

Figure 5.20 A goldfish (Carassius auratus) showing its impacted intestine exteriorized from the coelom and placed on wet gauze.

      Source: Photo courtesy: Zoological Medicine Service, Université de Montréal.

Minimally Invasive Surgery

Endoscopy has been described in catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Boone et al. 2008), trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Moccia et al. 1984), wolf fish (Hoplias aimara) (Weber 2011b), eel (Anguilla Anguilla) (Macri et al. 2014), and sturgeon (Hernandez‐Divers et al. 2004; Divers et al. 2013; Falahatkar and Poursaeid 2014) among others, to determine sex, evaluate coelomic organs, remove ingested foreign bodies, and obtain biopsies (Boone et al. 2008; Stetter 2010; Divers et al. 2013). Celioscopy may be performed with the endoscope inserted directly into the coelomic cavity or within the swim bladder (Stetter 2010; Stevens et al. 2019). Deflation of the swim bladder may facilitate coelomic organ visualization depending on the species and procedure performed (Hernandez‐Divers et al. 2004). Celioscopy has been used to perform minimally invasive surgical procedures in fish, such as gastrointestinal foreign body removal, organ biopsy, (Stetter 2010; Weber 2011b), and gonadectomy (Hernandez‐Divers et al. 2004).

Telemetry and Microchip Implantation

      Sonic or radio transmitters weighing less than 2% of the fish body weight may be implanted in free‐ranging fish and because of the absence of antenna, a small celiotomy is used (Harms and Wildgoose 2001). More recently, injectable sonic transmitters that do not require surgical implantation have become available (Deng et al. 2015). Radiotelemetry transmitters are implanted with a similar technique as in other vertebrates (Wargo Rub et al. 2014). The antenna should exit through another incision rather than the incision used for insertion. It can be threaded through a cannula placed through the lateral body wall. To position the transmitter away from the surgical incision and avoid pressure on the coelomic organs, suture the transmitter to the pectoral girdle (Snelderwaard et al. 2006).

References

      1 Adamovicz, L., Lewbart, G., and Gilger, B. (2015). Phacoemulsification and aspiration for cataract management in a dollar sunfish, Lepomis marginatus (Holbrook) – a case report. Journal of Fish Diseases 38: 1089–1092.

      2 Andrews, M., Stormoen, M., Schmidt‐Postahaus, H. et al. (2015). Rapid temperature‐dependent wound closure following adipose fin clipping of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Journal of Fish Diseases 38: 523–531.

      3 Ang, J., Pierezan, F., Kim, S. et al. (2021). Use of topical treatments and effects of water temperature on wound healing in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 52 (1): 103–116.

      4 Angelidis, P., Vatsos, I., and Karagiannis, D. (2006). Surgical excision of skin folds from the head of a goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758). Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 58: 299.

      5 Bakal, R.S., Love, N.E., Lewbart, G.A., and Berry, C.R. (1998). Imaging a spinal fracture in a Kohaku koi (Cyprinus carpio): techniques and case history report. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound 39: 318–321.

      6 Bakal, R.S., Hickson, B.H., Gilger, B.C. et al. (2005). Surgical removal of cataracts due to Diplostomum species in Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 36: 504–508.

      7 Baker, T.R., Baker, B.B., Johnson, S.M., and Sladky, K.K. (2013). Comparative analgesic efficacy of morphine sulfate and butorphanol tartrate in koi (Cyprinus carpio) undergoing unilateral gonadectomy. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 243: 882–890.

      8 Baldursson, B.T., Kjartansson, H., Konradsdottir, F. et al. (2015). Healing rate and autoimmune safety of full‐thickness wounds treated with fish skin acellular dermal matrix versus porcine small‐intestine submucosa: a noninferiority study. International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds 14: 37–43.

      9 Benhamed, S., Guardiola, F.A., Mars, M., and Esteban, M.A. (2014). Pathogen bacteria adhesion to skin mucus of fishes. Veterinary Microbiology 171: 1–12.

      10 Boerner, L., Weber, E.S., and Adams, L. (2000). Squamous cell carcinoma in a kannume (Mormyrus kannume). Proceedings of the 33rd International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine Annual Conference, Albufeira, Portugal, p. 57.

      11 Boerner, L., Dube, K., Peterson, K. et al. (2003). Angiogenic growth factor therapy using recombinant platelet‐derived growth factor (Regranex) for lateral line disease in marine fish. Proceedings of the International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Kohala Coast of Hawaii.

      12 Boone, S.S., Hernandez‐Divers, S.J., Radlinsky, M.G. et al. (2008). Comparison between coelioscopy and coeliotomy for liver biopsy in channel catfish. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 233: 960–967.

      13 Boylan, S.M., Camus, A., Waltzek, T. et al. (2015). Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy for fibromas in tarpon, Megalops atlanticus, Valenciennes 1847, and neoplasia in lined sea horse, Hippocampus erectus, Perry 1810. Journal of Fish Diseases 38: 681–685.

      14 Britt, T., Weisse, C., Weber, E.S. et al. (2002). Use of pneumocystoplasty for overinflation of the swim bladder in a goldfish. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 221 (690–693): 645.

      15 Burnside, B., Adler, R., and O’Connor, P. (1983). Retinomotor pigment migration in the teleost retinal pigment epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 24: 1–15.

      16 Carr, A., Weber, E.P. III, Murphy, C.J., and Zwingenberger, A. (2014). Computed tomographic and cross‐sectional anatomy of the normal pacu (Colossoma macroponum). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 45: 184–189.

      17 Chanet, B., Fusellier, M., Baudet, J. et al. (2009). No need to open the jar: a comparative study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging results on fresh and alcohol preserved common carps (Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758), Cyprinidae, Teleostei). Comptes Rendes Biologies 332: 413–419.

      18 Clark, P.J. (1988). Oral obstruction in a goldfish. Veterinary Record 122: 311.

      19 Colombo, R.E., Wills, P.S., and Garvey, J.E. (2004). Use of ultrasound imaging to determine sex of shovelnose sturgeon. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24: 322–326.

      20 Copeland, D.E. and Brown, D.S. (1976). The anatomy and fine structure of the eye in teleosts. V. Vascular relations of choriocapillaris, lentiform body and falciform process in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Experimental Eye Research 23 (1): 15–27.

      21 Coutant, T., Lair, S., and Vergneau‐Grosset, C. (2019). Effect of a misoprostol/phenytoin gel on experimentally induced wounds in brook trout (Salvelinus frontinalis)– a preliminary study. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 31: 214–221.

      22 Da Silva, E.G., Gionfriddo, J.R., Powell, C.C. et al. (2010). Iridociliary melanoma with secondary lens luxation: distinctive findings in a long‐horned cowfish (Lactoria cornuta). Veterinary Ophthalmology 13 (Suppl 1): 123–127.

      23 Davis, M.R., Myliniczenko, N., Storms, T. et al. (2006). Evaluation of intramuscular ketoprofen and butorphanol as analgesics in chain dogfish (Scyliorhinus retifer). Zoo Biology 25: 491–500.

      24 Deng, Z.D., Carlson, T.J., Li, H. et al. (2015). An injectable acoustic transmitter for juvenile salmon. Scientific Reports 5: 8111.

      25 Divers, S.J., Boone, S.S., Berliner, A. et al. (2013). Nonlethal acquisition of large liver samples from free‐ranging river sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus) using single‐entry endoscopic biopsy forceps. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 49: 321–331.

      26 Dos Santos, M., Arantes, F., Santiago, K., and Dos Santos, J. (2015). Morphological characteristics of the digestive tract