Ukrainian Nationalists and the Holocaust. John-Paul Himka

62 Armstrong, Ukrainian Nationalism, 110-12.

63 Ibid., 54, 56 (a map appears on p. 55). See below, 225-303.

64 Ibid., 79 n. 28, 118.

65 Dobrovol’s’kyi, OUN na Donechchyni, 294 (reprint of excerpts from Stakhiv’s memoir of 1956).

66 Shankovs’kyi, Pokhidni hrupy, 85-86, 94, 101-02, 147.

67 “...The authors have been guided, and this needs to be strongly emphasized, by Marxist-Leninist criteria in the national question and in the evaluation of social problems.” Szcześniak and Szota. Droga do nikąd, 6.

68 Nowak, “‘Droga do nikąd.” This is a review of a reprint of Droga do nikąd in 2013.

69 Kedryn Rudnyts’kyi, Zhytiia—podii—liudy, 356.

70 Gitelman, “Politics and the Historiography of the Holocaust in the Soviet Union.” Amar, “Disturbed Silence.”

71 On developments in America, see the classic study by Peter Novick, The Holocaust in American Life.

72 There is an obituary of Hanusiak in the communist newspaper People’s World: “Michael Hanusiak.”

73 To be discussed below, 105-10.

74 “Hanusiak’s publication is utterly tendentious, and I refer to it with great caution.” Weiss, “Jewish-Ukrainian Relations,” 420 n. 36. Weiss’s article cited here was originally delivered as a paper at a conference on Ukrainian-Jewish relations in 1983. At the same conference, during the roundtable discussion, I am recorded as having said: “...no matter how one claims that one is careful about this source, Hanushchak [sic] being a Ukrainian communist front, cannot be believed and one shouldn’t even mention it in a text.” “Round-Table Discussion [first edition],” 494. For the second edition of the conference proceedings I was permitted to clean up the language of my intervention and phrased the same thought somewhat differently, saying that Hanusiak was “a Ukrainian-American Communist with a political axe to grind; he is not a source to be cited in a scholarly text.” “Round-Table Discussion [second edition],” 494. Somehow Taras Hunczak managed to misread this entirely: “I understand that when Aharon Weiss called Hanusiak’s work ‘utterly tendentious,’ John-Paul Himka came to Hanusiak’s defense.” Hunczak, “Problems of Historiography,” 136.

75 The organization was originally founded as the United Ukrainian Toilers Organization in 1924 and renamed the Union of Ukrainian Toilers in 1938 and the League of American Ukrainians in 1940. Kuropas, The Ukrainian Americans, 184, 196.

76 This was Sam Pevzner, a writer who contributed to such communist publications as The Daily Worker and Jewish Life. He had been subpoenaed by the House Committee on Un-American Activities as a communist propagandist in 1958.

77 HDA SBU, fond 16, op. 4, spr. 2, tom 2, ff. 275-76.

78 Szcześniak and Szota’s book came out while I was a graduate student at the University of Michigan. Our library had a publication exchange with Poland and received a copy of the book before it was removed from circulation.

79 The kinds of sources made available by the momentous changes of 1989-91 will be described in the next chapter.

80 The fact that “today” (the mid-1980s) Volhynia “lies outside the Polish territory poses delicate political problems for Polish authors.” Spector, Holocaust of Volhynian Jews, 4.

81 Mirchuk, Narys, 9. Herasymenko, Orhanizatsiia Ukrains’kykh Natsionalistiv, 4. Shankovs’kyi, Pokhidni hrupy, 184, 198, 266, 291, 302 nn. 100-01, 329. Shtul’, V im”ia pravdy, 7.

82 Pohl, Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung, 316.

83 Ibid., 40, 48-49, 375, 382.

84 Ibid., 316-17.

85 Ibid., 374-75.

86 Himka, Review of Pohl, Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung, 99.

87 Burds, “AGENTURA.” Burds, Early Cold War. Burds, “Gender and Policing.”

88 See 42, 105-10.

89 Berkhoff and Carynnyk, “The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists,” 152-56; quotations 156.

90 Marples, Heroes and Villains, 79-165.

91 Kul’chyts’kyi, Orhanizatsiia ukrains’kykh natsionalistiv i Ukrains’ka povstans’ka armiia. Fakhovyi vysnovok, 40.

92 Koval’, “Za shcho i z kym borolysia OUN-UPA.” Quotation, 92. Koval’s original report is reprinted in this article, 95-116. An entire section of Koval’s report, “What Did UPA Fight for?” (112-14), is simply a long extract from the OUN program of August 1943.

93 Khonigsman, Katastrofa l’vovskogo evreistva, 2.

94 Khonigsman, Katastrofa evreistva Zapadnoi Ukrainy, 76, 122.

95 Ibid., 113, 125.

96 Kovba, Liudianist’ u bezodni pekla, 203.