Ukrainian Nationalists and the Holocaust. John-Paul Himka

24 Yones, Evrei L’vova. Other translations I consulted: Yones, Smoke in the Sand; Yones, Die Strasse nach Lemberg; Yones, Die Juden in Lemberg. In some earlier writings, I mistakenly stated that Yones first wrote and published his book in the 1950s.

25 He also mistakenly identified Taras Bulba-Borovets as an OUN leader. Yones, Evrei L’vova, 383 n. 6.

26 Mirchuk, In the German Mills of Death.

27 Mirchuk, Narys, 582-83.

28 Kovaliv, “Herasymenko.” I am grateful to Marco Carynnyk for first informing me that the pseudonymous H. Polikarpenko under whose name the history appeared was actually P. Herasymenko.

29 Herasymenko, Orhanizatsiia Ukrains’kykh Natsionalistiv, 43; see also 40-44, 50-51.

30 Ibid., 8.

31 Ibid., 131.

32 The UHVR or Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council is discussed below, 375-76. Shankovsky was a founding member.

33 Yurkevich, “Ukrainian Nationalists and DP Politics.” Rudling, “‘Not Quite Klaus Barbie.’“

34 By southern Ukraine Shankovsky meant the Dnipropetrovsk, Kirovohrad, Mykolaiv, Odessa, Stalino (now Donetsk), Voroshylovhrad (now Luhansk), and Zaporizhzhia oblasts in their wartime boundaries as well as Crimea. Shankovs’kyi, Pokhidni hrupy, 27.

35 This narrative permeates the book, but this particular summary is based on ibid., 21-22. On workers wanting free and fair elections and democracy and on their opposition to the leader principle, see 107. On the August 1943 program, see below, 368-70, 377.

36 Shankovs’kyi, Pokhidni hrupy, 317-18.

37 Ibid., 19.

38 Ibid., 20, 56.

39 Ibid., 110.

40 Ibid., 163-64, 175.

41 Ibid., 66 n. 27.

42 Ibid., 237, 249.

43 Ibid., 249.

44 A well known example of this subjectivist scholarship is Hellbeck, “Fashioning the Stalinist Soul.”

45 Kuromiya, Freedom and Terror in the Donbas, 281.

46 Dobrovol’s’kyi, OUN na Donechchyni, 3-4.

47 Shankovs’kyi, Pokhidni hrupy, 169, 172.

48 Dobrovol’s’kyi, OUN na Donechchyni, 226. In addition, she continued, her husband enjoyed the trust of the German authorities.

49 Ibid., 218, 231.

50 Ibid., 221.

51 Ibid., 247.

52 Ibid., 265, 270-71, 273, 275-77, 291, 293.

53 “Ukraintsi do pratsi!” Reproduced in Dobrovol’s’kyi, OUN na Donechchyni, 342. Ukrains’kyi Donbas came out in Horlivka in Donetsk oblast.

54 “Ukrains’ka molod’!” Reproduced in Dobrovol’s’kyi, OUN na Donechchyni, 343.

55 “Uchyteli ukraintsi!” Reproduced in Dobrovol’s’kyi, OUN na Donechchyni, 344. A similar proclamation appeared in Ukrains’kyi Donbas on 18 January 1942: “Do napolehlyvoi pratsi!” Reproduced in Dobrovol’s’kyi, OUN na Donechchyni, 346.

56 Dobrovol’s’kyi, OUN na Donechchyni, 273-74; photoreproduction of first page of the order, 339. Olhynka is no longer a raion capital.

57 Ibid., 268. For other indications of anti-Jewish sentiment among OUN members in the Donbas see 135, 215. On truth and legend about OUN in the Donbas, see also Radchenko, “‘Two Policemen Came.’“

58 Lewytzkyj, “Natsional’nyi rukh pid chas Druhoi svitovoi viiny,” is an interview, but to my knowledge it is the only attempt to sketch the history of the Mitrynga faction of OUN during World War II.

59 Bahrianyi, “Natsional’na ideia i ‘natsionalizm,’“ in Bahrianyi, Publitsystyka, 63.

60 Armstrong, “Heroes and Human.”

61 As I wrote in 2010: “In the mid-1980s the Solidarity underground in Poland wanted to publish texts about Ukrainian nationalism and requested through an intermediary, the late Janusz Radziejowski, that I convey to them copies of Armstrong’s book as well as Alex Motyl’s Turn to the Right. After reading them in Polish translation, Janusz wrote to me in 1988 that for all the scholarly value of these books, he was very disappointed that they took no cognizance of the tremendous tragedy of the Jews.” Himka, “Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists,” 87. Radziejowski’s criticism was unfair in relation to Motyl’s book, which only encompassed the period through 1929. For more on Armstrong’s position, see Berkhoff and Carynnyk,