The 2002 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

      Television broadcast stations: 33 (plus 277 repeaters) (September 1995)

      Televisions: NA

      Internet country code: .ba

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 3 (2000)

      Internet users: 3,500 (2000)

      Transportation Bosnia and Herzegovina

      Railways: total: 1,021 km (795 km electrified; operating as diesel or steam until grids are repaired) standard gauge: 1,021 km 1.435-m gauge; note - many segments still need repair and/or reconstruction because of war damage (2000 est.)

      Highways: total: 21,846 km paved: 14,020 km note: road system is in need of maintenance and repair (2001) unpaved: 7,826 km

      Waterways: NA km; large sections of the Sava blocked by downed bridges, silt, and debris

      Pipelines: crude oil 174 km; natural gas 90 km (1992)

      Ports and harbors: Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava), Orasje

      Merchant marine: none (2002 est.)

      Airports: 27 (2001)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 8 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 3 (2001)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 19 under 914 m: 11 (2001) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7

      Heliports: 5 (2001)

      Military Bosnia and Herzegovina

      Military branches: VF Army (the air and air defense forces are subordinate commands within the Army), VRS Army (the air and air defense forces are subordinate commands within the Army)

      Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 1,131,537 (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 898,117 (2002 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 29,757 (2002 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: $NA

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: NA%

      Transnational Issues Bosnia and Herzegovina

      Disputes - international: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Yugoslavia have delimited about half of their boundary, but several segments, particularly along the meandering Drina River, remain in dispute; discussions continue with Croatia on the disputed boundary in the Una River near Kostajnica, Hrvatska Dubica, and Zeljava; protests Croatian claim to the tip of the Klek Peninsula and several islands near Neum

      Illicit drugs: minor transit point for marijuana and opiate trafficking routes to Western Europe

      This page was last updated on 1 January 2002

      ========================================================================

      Bolivia

      Introduction

      Bolivia

      Background: Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simon BOLIVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of nearly 200 coups and counter-coups. Comparatively democratic civilian rule was established in the 1980s, but leaders have faced difficult problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and drug production. Current goals include attracting foreign investment, strengthening the educational system, continuing the privatization program, and waging an anticorruption campaign.

      Geography Bolivia

      Location: Central South America, southwest of Brazil

      Geographic coordinates: 17 00 S, 65 00 W

      Map references: South America

      Area: total: 1,098,580 sq km water: 14,190 sq km land: 1,084,390 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly less than three times the size of Montana

      Land boundaries: total: 6,743 km border countries: Argentina 832 km,

       Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km

      Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

      Climate: varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid

      Terrain: rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Rio Paraguay 90 m highest point:

       Nevado Sajama 6,542 m

      Natural resources: tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower

      Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% other: 98% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land: 1,280 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards: flooding in the northeast (March-April)

      Environment - current issues: the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate

       Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered

       Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship

       Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed,

       but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine

       Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection

      Geography - note: landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru

      People Bolivia

      Population: 8,445,134 (July 2002 est.)

      Age structure: 0-14 years: 37.8% (male 1,626,596; female 1,565,124) 15-64 years: 57.7% (male 2,383,852; female 2,491,823) 65 years and over: 4.5% (male 169,583; female 208,156) (2002 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.69% (2002 est.)

      Birth rate: 26.41 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Death rate: 8.05 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Net migration rate: -1.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 57.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: 67.1 years (2002 est.) male: Total fertility rate: 3.37 children born/woman (2002 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 4,200 (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: 380 (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Bolivian(s) adjective: Bolivian

      Ethnic groups: Quechua 30%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 30%, Aymara 25%, white 15%

      Religions: Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist)

      Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 83.1% male: 90.5% female: 76% (1995 est.)

      Government Bolivia

      Country name: Republic of