The 2002 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Zealand continues to furnish the greater part

      Currency: New Zealand dollar (NZD)

      Currency code: NZD

      Exchange rates: New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997)

      Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March

      Communications Cook Islands

      Telephones - main lines in use: 5,000 (1997)

      Telephones - mobile cellular: 0 (1994)

      Telephone system: general assessment: NA domestic: the individual islands are connected by a combination of satellite earth stations, microwave systems, and VHF and HF radiotelephone; within the islands, service is provided by small exchanges connected to subscribers by open wire, cable, and fiber-optic cable international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)

      Radios: 14,000 (1997)

      Television broadcast stations: 2 (plus eight low-power repeaters) (1997)

      Televisions: 4,000 (1997)

      Internet country code: .ck

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 3 (2000)

      Internet users: NA

      Transportation Cook Islands

      Railways: 0 km

      Highways: total: 320 km (1992) paved: NA unpaved: NA

      Waterways: none

      Ports and harbors: Avarua, Avatiu

      Airports: 7 (2001)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2001)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2001)

      Military Cook Islands

      Military - note: defense is the responsibility of New Zealand, in consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request

      Transnational Issues Cook Islands

      Disputes - international: none

      This page was last updated on 1 January 2002

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      Cyprus

      Introduction

      Cyprus

      Background: Independence from the UK was approved in 1960 with constitutional guarantees by the Greek Cypriot majority to the Turkish Cypriot minority. In 1974, a Greek-sponsored attempt to seize the government was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled almost 40% of the island. In 1983, the Turkish-held area declared itself the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus", but it is recognized only by Turkey. UN-led talks on the status of Cyprus resumed in December 1999 to prepare the ground for meaningful negotiations leading to a comprehensive settlement.

      Geography Cyprus

      Location: Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey

      Geographic coordinates: 35 00 N, 33 00 E

      Map references: Middle East

      Area: total: 9,250 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in the Turkish

       Cypriot area) water: 10 sq km land: 9,240 sq km

      Area - comparative: about 0.6 times the size of Connecticut

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 648 km

      Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation territorial sea: 12 NM

      Climate: temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

      Terrain: central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point:

       Olympus 1,951 m

      Natural resources: copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment

      Land use: arable land: 10% permanent crops: 5% other: 85% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land: 400 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards: moderate earthquake activity; droughts

      Environment - current issues: water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, sea water intrusion to island's largest aquifer, increased salination in the north); water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution,

       Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,

       Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous

       Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer

       Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Geography - note:

       the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and

       Sardinia)

      People Cyprus

      Population: 767,314 (July 2002 est.)

      Age structure: 0-14 years: 22.4% (male 87,981; female 84,168) 15-64 years: 66.6% (male 258,414; female 252,778) 65 years and over: 11% (male 36,607; female 47,366) (2002 est.)

      Population growth rate: 0.57% (2002 est.)

      Birth rate: 12.91 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Death rate: 7.63 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 7.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: 79.5 years (2002 est.) male: Total fertility rate: 1.9 children born/woman (2002 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 400 (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: NA

      Nationality: noun: Cypriot(s) adjective: Cypriot

      Ethnic groups: Greek 85.2%, Turkish 11.6%, other 3.2% (2000)

      Religions: Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian Apostolic, and other 4%

      Languages: Greek, Turkish, English

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 98.7% female: 95% (1999)

      Government Cyprus

      Country name: Republic of Cyprus conventional short form: Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC)

      Government type: republic note: a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention in July 1974 after a Greek junta-based coup attempt gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTASH declared independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC), recognized only by Turkey; both sides publicly support a settlement based on a federation (Greek Cypriot position) or confederation (Turkish Cypriot position)

      Capital: Nicosia

      Administrative