The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

2,900 million kWh produced, 70 kWh per capita (1990)

       Industries:

       agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products;

       petroleum refining; mining of copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction

       materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer

       Agriculture:

       accounts for 40% of GDP (including fish and forestry); self-sufficient in

       food; principal crops - paddy rice, corn, oilseed, sugarcane, pulses;

       world's largest stand of hardwood trees; rice and teak account for 55% of

       export revenues; fish catch of 740,000 metric tons (FY90)

       Illicit drugs:

       world's largest illicit producer of opium poppy and minor producer of

       cannabis for the international drug trade; opium production is on the

       increase as growers respond to the collapse of Rangoon's antinarcotic

       programs

       Economic aid:

       US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $158 million; Western (non-US)

       countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.9 billion;

       Communist countries (1970-89), $424 million

      :Burma Economy

      Currency:

       kyat (plural - kyats); 1 kyat (K) = 100 pyas

       Exchange rates:

       kyats (K) per US$1 - 6.0963 (January 1992), 6.2837 (1991), 6.3386 (1990),

       6.7049 (1989), 6.46 (1988), 6.6535 (1987)

       Fiscal year:

       1 April - 31 March

      :Burma Communications

      Railroads:

       3,991 km total, all government owned; 3,878 km 1.000-meter gauge, 113 km

       narrow-gauge industrial lines; 362 km double track

       Highways:

       27,000 km total; 3,200 km bituminous, 17,700 km improved earth or gravel,

       6,100 km unimproved earth

       Inland waterways:

       12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels

       Pipelines:

       crude oil 1,343 km; natural gas 330 km

       Ports:

       Rangoon, Moulmein, Bassein

       Merchant marine:

       71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,036,018 GRT/1,514,121 DWT; includes

       3 passenger-cargo, 19 cargo, 5 refrigerated cargo, 3 vehicle carrier, 3

       container, 2 petroleum tanker, 6 chemical, 1 combination ore/oil, 27 bulk, 1

       combination bulk, 1 roll-on/roll-off

       Civil air:

       17 major transport aircraft (including 3 helicopters)

       Airports:

       85 total, 82 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways

       over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 38 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

       Telecommunications:

       meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service; international

       service is good; 53,000 telephones (1986); radiobroadcast coverage is

       limited to the most populous areas; broadcast stations - 2 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV

       (1985); 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station

      :Burma Defense Forces

      Branches:

       Army, Navy, Air Force

       Manpower availability:

       eligible 15-49, 21,447,878; of the 10,745,530 males 15-49, 5,759,840 are fit

       for military service; of the 10,702,348 females 15-49, 5,721,868 are fit for

       military service; 424,474 males and 410,579 females reach military age (18)

       annually; both sexes are liable for military service

       Defense expenditures:

       exchange rate conversion - $1.28 billion, FY(91-92)

      :Burundi Geography

      Total area:

       27,830 km2

       Land area:

       25,650 km2

       Comparative area:

       slightly larger than Maryland

       Land boundaries:

       974 km; Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km, Zaire 233 km

       Coastline:

       none - landlocked

       Maritime claims:

       none - landlocked

       Disputes:

       none

       Climate:

       temperate; warm; occasional frost in uplands

       Terrain:

       mostly rolling to hilly highland; some plains

       Natural resources:

       nickel, uranium, rare earth oxide, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet

       exploited), vanadium

       Land use:

       arable land 43%; permanent crops 8%; meadows and pastures 35%; forest and

       woodland 2%; other 12%; includes irrigated NEGL%

       Environment:

       soil exhaustion; soil erosion; deforestation

       Note:

       landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed

      :Burundi People

      Population:

       6,022,341 (July 1992), growth rate 3.2% (1992)

       Birth rate:

       46 births/1,000 population (1992)

       Death rate:

       14 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

       Net migration rate:

       0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

       Infant mortality rate:

       106 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

       Life expectancy at birth:

       51 years male, 55 years female (1992)

       Total fertility rate:

       6.8 children born/woman (1992)

       Nationality:

       noun - Burundian(s); adjective - Burundi

       Ethnic divisions:

       Africans - Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%; other

       Africans include about 70,000 refugees, mostly Rwandans and Zairians;

       non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and 2,000 South Asians

       Religions:

       Christian about 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs

       32%, Muslim 1%

       Languages:

       Kirundi and French (official); Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the

       Bujumbura area)

       Literacy:

       50% (male 61%, female 40%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

       Labor force:

       1,900,000 (1983 est.); agriculture 93.0%, government