Wine Faults and Flaws. Keith Grainger

      

      Table of Contents

      1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright

      4  Dedication

      5  Acknowledgements

      6  Preface

      7  Introduction References

      8  1 Faults, Flaws, Off‐Flavours, Taints, and Undesirable Compounds 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Advances in Wine Technology in Recent Decades 1.3 Changes in Markets and the Pattern of Wine Consumption in Recent Decades 1.4 The Possible Impact of Some Fault Compounds Upon Human Health 1.5 Sulfur Dioxide and Other Possible Allergens 1.6 Faults and Taints 1.7 Distinguishing Between Faults and Flaws 1.8 Sensory Detection (Perception) Thresholds and Sensory Recognition Thresholds 1.9 Consumer Rejection Thresholds (CRTs) 1.10 Basic Categories of Wine Faults 1.11 Flaws 1.12 The Incidence of Wine Faults 1.13 ‘Faulty’ Wines that Exude Excellence 1.14 Final Reflections References

      9  2 Wine Tasting 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Anosimics, Fatigue Effect, and Supertasters 2.3 Tasting Conditions, Equipment, and Glassware 2.4 The Use of a Structured Tasting Technique and Detection of Faults 2.5 Appearance 2.6 Nose 2.7 Palate 2.8 Assessment of Quality 2.9 Assessment of Readiness for Drinking/Potential for Ageing 2.10 Grading Wine – The Award of Points 2.11 Blind Tasting 2.12 Final Reflections References

      10  3 Chloroanisoles, Bromoanisoles, and Halophenols 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Haloanisole Contaminations in the Food, Drinks, Water, and Pharmaceutical Industries 3.3 Haloanisole Contamination of Wines 3.4 The Economic and Reputational Costs to Wine Producers and the Wine Industry 3.5 Sensory Characteristics and Detection of Haloanisoles in Wine 3.6 The Haloanisoles Responsible and Their Detection Thresholds 3.7 The Formation Pathways of Haloanisoles from Halophenols 3.8 Contamination of Cork with TCA and Other Chloroanisoles 3.9 The Cork Industry in the Dock 3.10 The Cork Industry Begins to Address the Issues 3.11 The Cork Industry's Recent Initiatives for Haloanisole Prevention and Extraction 3.12 Winery and Cooperage Sources of Haloanisole Contamination in Wines 3.13 Laboratory Analysis for TCA and Other Haloanisoles in Corks and Wine 3.14 Prevention of Haloanisole Contamination of Wineries and Wines 3.15 Treatment of Wines Contaminated with Haloanisoles 3.16 Chlorophenols and Bromophenols as Taints 3.17 ‘Musty’ Taints Unrelated to Halophenols and Haloanisoles 3.18 Final Reflections References

      11  4 Brettanomyces (Dekkera) and Ethyl Phenols 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Background and History 4.3 The Brett Controversy 4.4 Sensory Characteristics and Detection of Brettanomyces‐Related Compounds in Wine 4.5 The Origins of Brettanomyces and Formation of Related Compounds in Wines 4.6 The Danger Periods and Favourable Conditions for the Growth of Brettanomyces 4.7 Why Are Brettanomyces‐Related Compounds