Handbook of Diabetes. Rudy Bilous

      

      Table of Contents

      1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright Page

      4  Preface

      5  Key to the boxes

      6  List of abbreviations

      7  Part 1: Introduction to diabetes Chapter 1: Introduction to diabetes Chapter 2: History of diabetes Chapter 3: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes Intermediate categories of hyperglycaemia: Pre‐diabetes Classification of diabetes Chapter 4: Public health aspects of diabetes Primary prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Providing access to structured diabetes education Improving diabetes treatment and care Commissioning diabetes services Chapter 5: Normal physiology of insulin secretion and action, and the incretin effect Islet structure and function Insulin synthesis and insulin polypeptide structure Insulin secretion The incretin effect Insulin receptor signalling The family of GLUT transporters Chapter 6: Epidemiology and aetiology of type 1 diabetes Introduction Epidemiology Aetiology Genetics Environmental and maternal factors Viruses Apoptosis Dietary factors Toxins Animal models Hygiene hypothesis Accelerator hypothesis Chapter 7: Epidemiology and aetiology of type 2 diabetes Prevalence rates and global burden Urban versus rural Impaired glucose tolerance Incidence Risk factors for type 2 diabetes Conclusion Chapter 8: Other types of diabetes Introduction Monogenic Diabetes and association with other Inherited Conditions Other monogenic causes Pancreatic disease Diabetes complicating other endocrine diseases Medication associated diabetes

      8  Part 2: Metabolic control and complications Chapter 9: Diabetes control and its measurement Introduction Capillary blood glucose monitoring Urine glucose monitoring Glycated haemoglobin IFCC standard Estimated average glucose (eAG) Glucose variability Fructosamine Urine and blood ketone measurements Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems Chapter 10: Management of type 1 diabetes Insulin replacement Intensive insulin therapy Diet and Carbohydrate counting Glycaemic targets Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion Chapter 11: Management of type 2 diabetes Chapter 12: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) and lactic acidosis Precipitating factors for diabetic ketoacidosis Pathophysiology