Graves' Orbitopathy. Группа авторов

been used, although no clear-cut data on the outcomes are available. Thyroid acropachy is characterized by digital clubbing of fingers (but not toes) and swelling of digits and toes together with a periosteal reaction of extremity bones. Both myxoedema and acropachy are due to proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of glycosaminoglycans, somehow resembling GO, and are believed to have the same pathogenesis as GO. Both myxoedema and acropachy are rare, as they are observed in 0.5–5 and 0.07–1% of patients with Graves’ disease, respectively [4], and both are almost invariably associated with the presence of GO.

Fig. 2. a Diffuse pretibial myxoedema. b Elephantiasic pretibial myxoedema. c Thyroid acropachy.

References

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13 Smith TJ, Hoa N: Immunoglobulins from patients with Graves’ disease induce hyaluronan synthesis in their orbital fibroblasts through the self-antigen, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5076–5080.

      14 Kumar S, Nadeem S, Stan MN, Coenen M, Bahn RS: A stimulatory TSH receptor antibody enhances adipogenesis via phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation in orbital preadipocytes from patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. J Mol Endocrinol 2011;46:155–163.

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      Dr. Michele Marinò

      Endocrinology Unit I, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

      University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa

      Via Paradisa 2, IT–56124 Pisa (Italy)

      E-Mail [email protected]

       Diagnosis and Pathogenesis

      Wiersinga WM, Kahaly GJ (eds): Graves’ Orbitopathy: A Multidisciplinary Approach – Questions and Answers.

      Basel, Karger, 2017, pp 33–40 (DOI: 10.1159/000475947)

      ___________________

Epidemiology

      Maria-Cristina Burlacu · Chantal Daumerie

      Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium

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