Hope Under Neoliberal Austerity. Группа авторов

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       2

       The North East of England: place, economy and people

      Elizabeth Brooks and Mel Steer

      Introduction: a portrait of the North East

      This chapter introduces the North East of England: its people, industries, how it is governed, how it compares to other regions and its future outlook. Before this account, the origin of the idea of the North East is considered, bearing in mind that, at least in England, regions are both historically recent and fragile entities, their integrity challenged by a raft of devolution initiatives at sub- and supra-regional level. This sets the scene for the next section, a thumbnail portrait of the North East’s geography, industry, heritage and culture. The section further explores the challenges of deindustrialisation and of governance and economic restructuring. A