The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

economic enterprise by neglecting payments to domestic suppliers. The devaluation resulted in stepped-up inflation of 41% in 1994; in contrast to other Francophone countries, Chad continued to suffer high inflation in 1995 because of the government's lack of financial discipline. Oil production in the Lake Chad area remains a distant prospect and the subsistence-driven economy probably will continue to limp along in the near term.

      GDP: purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1995 est.)

      GDP real growth rate: 4% (1994 est.)

      GDP per capita: $600 (1995 est.)

      GDP composition by sector: agriculture: 49% industry: 17% services: 34%

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 41% (1994 est.)

      Labor force: NA

       by occupation: agriculture 85% (subsistence farming, herding, and

       fishing)

      Unemployment rate: NA%

      Budget:

       revenues: $120 million

       expenditures: $363 million, including capital expenditures of $104

       million (1992 est.)

      Industries: cotton textiles, meat packing, beer brewing, natron

       (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

      Industrial production growth rate: NA%

      Electricity: capacity: 40,000 kW production: 80 million kWh consumption per capita: 13 kWh (1993)

      Agriculture: cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels

      Exports: $132 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: cotton, cattle, textiles, fish partners: France, Nigeria, Cameroon, Zaire, Sudan, Central African Republic

      Imports: $201 million (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment 39%, industrial goods 20%, petroleum products 13%, foodstuffs 9%; textiles; note - excludes military equipment partners: US, France, Nigeria, Cameroon, Italy, Germany

      External debt: $757 million (December 1993 )

      Economic aid:

       recipient: ODA, $NA

      Currency: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100

       centimes

      Exchange rates: CFA Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January

       1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992),

       282.11 (1991)

       note: beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF

       100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since

       1948

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      Transportation———————

      Railways: 0 km

      Highways: total: 31,141 km paved: 32 km unpaved: 31,109 km (1987 est.)

      Waterways: 2,000 km navigable

      Ports: none

      Airports:

       total: 47

       with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 3

       with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1

       with paved runways under 914 m: 11

       with unpaved runways over 3 047 m: 1

       with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 13

       with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 18 (1995 est.)

      Communications———————

      Telephones: 5,000 (1987 est.)

      Telephone system: primitive system domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 0

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 1 (1987 est.) note: limited TV service; many facilities are inoperative

      Televisions: 7,000 (1991 est.)

      Defense———

      Branches: Armed Forces (includes Ground Force, Air Force, and

       Gendarmerie), Republican Guard, Police

      Manpower availability: males age 15–49: 1,562,052 males fit for military service: 809,210 males reach military age (20) annually: 63,254 (1996 est.)

      Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $74 million, 11.1% of GDP (1994)

      ======================================================================

      @Chile——

      Map—

      Location: 30 00 S, 71 00 W—Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru

      Flag——

      Description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center; design was based on the US flag

      Geography————

      Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic

       Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru

      Geographic coordinates: 30 00 S, 71 00 W

      Map references: South America

      Area:

       total area: 756,950 sq km

       land area: 748,800 sq km

       comparative area: slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana

       note: includes Isla de Pascua (Easter Island) and Isla Sala y Gomez

      Land boundaries: total: 6,171 km border countries: Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km

      Coastline: 6,435 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      International disputes: short section of the southern boundary with Argentina is indefinite; Bolivia has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia over Rio Lauca water rights; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims

      Climate: temperate; desert in north; cool and damp in south

      Terrain: low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged

       Andes in east

       lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Cerro Aconcagua 6,962 m

      Natural resources: copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious

       metals, molybdenum

      Land use:

       arable land: 7%

       permanent crops: 0%

       meadows and pastures: 16%

       forest and woodland: 21%

       other: 56%

      Irrigated land: 12,650 sq km (1989 est.)

      Environment:

       current issues: air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions;

       water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation contributing to loss

       of biodiversity; soil erosion; desertification

       natural hazards: severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis