The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

km unpaved: 9,732 km (1991 est.)

      Waterways: NA km

      Pipelines: crude oil 174 km; natural gas 90 km (1992); note - pipelines now disrupted

      Ports: Bosanski Brod

      Merchant marine: none

      Airports:

       total: 24

       with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 3

       with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 3

       with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 1

       with paved runways under 914 m: 7

       with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1

       with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 9 (1995 est.)

      Communications———————

      Telephones: 727,000

      Telephone system: telephone and telegraph network is in need of

       modernization and expansion; many urban areas are below average when

       compared with services in other former Yugoslav republics

       domestic: NA

       international: no satellite earth stations

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 9, FM 2, shortwave 0

      Radios: 840,000

      Television broadcast stations: 6

      Televisions: 1,012,094

      Defense———

      Branches: Army

      Manpower availability: males age 15–49: 654,326 males fit for military service: 524,963 males reach military age (19) annually: 22,902 (1996 est.)

      Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP

      ======================================================================

      @Botswana————

      Map—

      Location: 22 00 S, 24 00 E—Southern Africa, north of South

       Africa

      Flag——

      Description: light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe

       in the center

      Geography————

      Location: Southern Africa, north of South Africa

      Geographic coordinates: 22 00 S, 24 00 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area:

       total area: 600,370 sq km

       land area: 585,370 sq km

       comparative area: slightly smaller than Texas

      Land boundaries:

       total: 4,013 km

       border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe

       813 km

      Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

      International disputes: short section of boundary with Namibia is indefinite; quadripoint with Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement; dispute with Namibia over uninhabited Kasikili (Sidudu) Island in Linyanti (Chobe) River remained unresolved in January 1996 and the parties have agreed to refer the matter to the ICJ

      Climate: semiarid; warm winters and hot summers

      Terrain: predominately flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari

       Desert in southwest

       lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m

       highest point: Tsodilo Hill 1,489 m

      Natural resources: diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash,

       potash, coal, iron ore, silver

      Land use:

       arable land: 2%

       permanent crops: 0%

       meadows and pastures: 75%

       forest and woodland: 2%

       other: 21%

      Irrigated land: 20 sq km (1989 est.)

      Environment:

       current issues: overgrazing, primarily as a result of the expansion

       of the cattle population; desertification; limited natural fresh

       water resources

       natural hazards: periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from

       the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can

       obscure visibility

       international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,

       Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer

       Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification

      Geographic note: landlocked; population concentrated in eastern

       part of the country

      People———

      Population: 1,477,630 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 42% (male 317,254; female 309,617)

       15–64 years: 54% (male 374,572; female 419,991)

       65 years and over: 4% (male 22,314; female 33,882) (July 1996 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.63% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 33.34 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 17.01 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female

       all ages: 0.94 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 54.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 46.01 years male: 44.94 years female: 47.11 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 4.26 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality:

       noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

       adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

      Ethnic divisions: Batswana 95%, Kalanga, Basarwa, and Kgalagadi

       4%, white 1%

      Religions: indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50%

      Languages: English (official), Setswana

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)

       total population: 69.8%

       male: 80.5%

       female: 59.9%

      Government—————

      Name of country:

       conventional long form: Republic of Botswana

       conventional short form: Botswana

       former: Bechuanaland

      Data code: BC

      Type of government: parliamentary republic

      Capital: Gaborone

      Administrative divisions: 10 districts and four town councils*;

       Central, Chobe, Francistown*,