Browning's England: A Study in English Influences in Browning. Helen Archibald Clarke

of poets mentioned in Browning's gallant company, not even excepting Browning himself.

THE LOST LEADER

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      I

      Just for a handful of silver he left us,

       Just for a riband to stick in his coat—

       Found the one gift of which fortune bereft us,

       Lost all the others, she lets us devote;

       They, with the gold to give, doled him out silver,

       So much was theirs who so little allowed:

       How all our copper had gone for his service!

       Rags—were they purple, his heart had been proud!

      15 We that had loved him so, followed him, honored him,

       Lived in his mild and magnificent eye,

       Learned his great language, caught his clear accents,

       Made him our pattern to live and to die!

       Shakespeare was of us, Milton was for us,

       Burns, Shelley, were with us—they watch from their graves!

       He alone breaks from the van and the freeman,

       —He alone sinks to the rear and the slaves!

      II

      We shall march prospering—not thro' his presence

       Songs may inspirit us—not from his lyre;

       Deeds will be done—while he boasts his quiescence,

       Still bidding crouch whom the rest bade aspire:

       Blot out his name, then, record one lost soul more,

       One task more declined, one more footpath untrod,

       One more devil's-triumph and sorrow for angels,

       One wrong more to man, one more insult to God!

       Life's night begins: let him never come back to us!

       There would be doubt, hesitation and pain,

       Forced praise on our part—the glimmer of twilight,

       Never glad confident morning again!

       Best fight on well, for we taught him—strike gallantly,

       Menace our hearts ere we master his own;

       Then let him receive the new knowledge and wait us,

       Pardoned in heaven, the first by the throne!

      Whether an artist is justified in taking the most doubtful feature of his model's physiognomy and building up from it a repellent portrait is question for debate, especially when he admits its incompleteness. But we16 may balance against this incompleteness, the fine fire of enthusiasm for the "cause" in the poem, and the fact that Wordsworth has not been at all harmed by it. The worst that has happened is the raising in our minds of a question touching Browning's good taste.

      Just here it will be interesting to speak of a bit of purely personal expression on the subject of Browning's known liberal standpoint, written by him in answer to the question propounded to a number of English men of letters and printed together with other replies in a volume edited by Andrew Reid in 1885.

"Why I am a Liberal."

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      "'Why?' Because all I haply can and do,

       All that I am now, all I hope to be—

       Whence comes it save from fortune setting free

       Body and soul the purpose to pursue,

       God traced for both? If fetters, not a few,

       Of prejudice, convention, fall from me,

       These shall I bid men—each in his degree

       Also God-guided—bear, and gayly too?

      "But little do or can the best of us:

       That little is achieved thro' Liberty.

       Who then dares hold, emancipated thus,

       His fellow shall continue bound? Not I,

       Who live, love, labor freely, nor discuss

       A brother's right to freedom. That is 'Why.'"

      William Wordsworth

"How all our copper had gone for his service. Rags—were they purple, his heart had been proved."

      17 Enthusiasm for liberal views comes out again and again in the poetry of Browning.

      His fullest treatment of the cause of political liberty is in "Strafford," to be considered in the third chapter, but many are the hints strewn about his verse that bring home with no uncertain touch the fact that Browning lived man's "lover" and never man's "hater." Take as an example "The Englishman in Italy," where the sarcastic turn he gives to the last stanza shows clearly where his sympathies lie:

      —"Such trifles!" you say?

       Fortù, in my England at home,

       Men meet gravely to-day

       And debate, if abolishing Corn-laws

       Be righteous and wise!

       —If 't were proper, Scirocco should vanish

       In black from the skies!

      More the ordinary note of patriotism is struck in "Home-thoughts, from the Sea," wherein the scenes of England's victories as they come before the poet arouse pride in her military achievements.

HOME-THOUGHTS, FROM THE SEA

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      Nobly, nobly Cape Saint Vincent to the North-west died away;

       Sunset ran, one glorious blood-red, reeking into Cadiz Bay;

      18 Bluish 'mid the burning water, full in face Trafalgar lay;

       In the dimmest North-east distance dawned Gibraltar grand and gray;

       "Here and here did England help me: how can I help England?"—say,

       Whoso turns as I, this evening, turn to God to praise and pray,

       While Jove's planet rises yonder, silent over Africa.

      In two instances Browning celebrates English friends in his poetry. The poems are "Waring" and "May and Death."

      Waring, who stands for Alfred Domett, is an interesting figure in Colonial history as well as a minor light among poets. But it is highly probable that he would not have been put into verse by Browning any more than many other of the poet's warm friends if it had not been for the incident described in the poem which actually took place, and made a strong enough impression to inspire a creative if not exactly an exalted mood on Browning's part. The incident is recorded in Thomas Powell's "Living Authors of England," who writes of Domett, "We have a vivid recollection of the last time we saw him. It was at an evening party a few days before he sailed from England; his intimate friend, Mr. Browning, was also present. It happened that the latter was introduced that evening for the first time to a young author19 who had just then appeared in the literary world [Powell, himself]. This, consequently, prevented the two friends from conversation, and they