The 1994 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy includes Marines (La Fuerza Naval

       Boliviana), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana), National Police Force

       ( Policia Nacional de Bolivia)

       Manpower availability:

       males age 15–49 1,835,661; fit for military service 1,194,077; reach

       military age (19) annually 79,580 (1994 est.)

       Defense expenditures:

       exchange rate conversion - $130.48 million; NA% of GDP (1994 est.)

      @Bosnia and Herzegovina

      Header

       Note:

       Bosnia and Herzegovina is suffering from interethnic civil strife

       which began in March 1992 after the Government of Bosnia and

       Herzegovina held a referendum on independence. Bosnia's Serbs -

       supported by neighboring Serbia - responded with armed resistance

       aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining

       Serb-held areas to a "greater Serbia." Since the onset of the

       conflict, which has driven approximately half of the pre-war

       population of 4.4 million from their homes, both the Bosnian Serbs and

       the Bosnian Croats have asserted control of more than three-quarters

       of the territory formerly under the control of the Government of

       Bosnia and Herzegovina. The UN and the EU are continuing to try to

       mediate a plan for peace. In March 1994 Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian

       Croats signed an agreement in Washington, DC, creating a Federation of

       Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is to include territories in which

       Muslims or Croats predominated, according to the 1991 census. Bosnian

       Serbs refused to become a part of this Federation.

      @Bosnia and Herzegovina, Geography

      Location:

       Balkan State, Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula, between

       Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro

       Map references:

       Africa, Arctic Region, Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe,

       Standard Time Zones of the World

       Area:

       total area:

       51,233 sq km

       land area:

       51,233 sq km

       comparative area:

       slightly larger than Tennessee

       Land boundaries:

       total 1,459 km, Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km (312 km

       with Serbia; 215 km with Montenegro)

       Coastline:

       20 km

       Maritime claims:

       continental shelf:

       200-m depth

       exclusive economic zone:

       12 nm

       exclusive fishing zone:

       12 nm

       territorial sea:

       12 nm

       International disputes:

       as of May 1994, members of the Bosnian Serb armed factions, desirous

       of establishing a separate state linked with neighboring Serbia,

       occupied 70% of Bosnia after having killed or driven out non-Serb

       inhabitants; the Bosnian Croats, occupied and declared an independent

       state in an additional 10% of Bosnia in 1993, but in March 1994, this

       faction and the Bosnian Government settled their dispute and entered

       into a bicommunal Federation; a Bosnian Government army commander who

       opposes the leadership of Bosnian President IZETBEGOVIC is leading an

       insurrection in the government-held enclave of Bihac

       Climate:

       hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool

       summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast

       Terrain:

       mountains and valleys

       Natural resources:

       coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, timber, wood products, copper,

       chromium, lead, zinc

       Land use:

       arable land:

       20%

       permanent crops:

       2%

       meadows and pastures:

       25%

       forest and woodland:

       36%

       other:

       17%

       Irrigated land:

       NA sq km

       Environment:

       current issues:

       air pollution from metallurgical plants; water scarce; sites for

       disposing of urban waste are limited; widespread casualties and

       destruction of infrastructure because of civil strife

       natural hazards:

       subject to frequent and destructive earthquakes

       international agreements:

       party to - Air Pollution, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer

       Protection

      @Bosnia and Herzegovina, People

      Population: 4,651,485 (July 1994 est.) note: all data dealing with population is subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing Population growth rate: 0.69% (1994 est.) Birth rate: 13.33 births/1,000 population (1994 est.) Death rate: 6.39 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.) Infant mortality rate: 12.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.13 years male: 72.43 years female: 78.02 years (1994 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.61 children born/woman (1994 est.) Nationality: noun: Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s) adjective: Bosnian, Herzegovinian Ethnic divisions: Muslim 44%, Serb 31%, Croat 17%, other 8% Religions: Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 10% Languages: Serbo-Croatian 99% Literacy: total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% Labor force: 1,026,254 by occupation: agriculture 2%, industry, mining 45% (1991 est.)

      @Bosnia and Herzegovina, Government

      Note:

       The US recognizes the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The

       Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a new government being formed

       by the Muslims and Croats. On 31 May 1994 a Croat president, Kresimir

       ZUBAK, and a Muslim vice president, Ejup GANIC, were elected. Haris

       SILAJDZIC, who is prime minister of the Republic, is also the prime

       minister of the Federation.

       Names:

       conventional long form:

       Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

       conventional short form:

       Bosnia and Herzegovina

       local long form: