The 1994 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

slightly larger than Maryland

       Land boundaries:

       total 1,254 km, Azerbaijan (east) 566 km, Azerbaijan (south) 221 km,

       Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

       Coastline:

       0 km (landlocked)

       Maritime claims:

       none; landlocked

       International disputes:

       violent and longstanding dispute with Azerbaijan over ethnically

       Armenian exclave of Nagorno-Karabakh; traditional demands on former

       Armenian lands in Turkey have greatly subsided

       Climate:

       highland continental, hot summers, cold winters

       Terrain:

       high Armenian Plateau with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing

       rivers; good soil in Aras River valley

       Natural resources:

       small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina

       Land use:

       arable land:

       17%

       permanent crops:

       3%

       meadows and pastures:

       20%

       forest and woodland:

       0%

       other:

       60%

       Irrigated land:

       3,050 sq km (1990)

       Environment:

       current issues:

       soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; energy blockade, the

       result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation as

       citizens scavenge for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras

       Rivers; the draining of Lake Sevan, a result of its use as a source

       for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; air pollution in

       Yerevan

       natural hazards:

       occasionally severe earthquakes (25,000 people killed in major quake

       in 1988); subject to drought

       international agreements:

       party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change

       Note:

       landlocked

      @Armenia, People

      Population: 3,521,517 (July 1994 est.) Population growth rate: 1.08% (1994 est.) Birth rate: 24.21 births/1,000 population (1994 est.) Death rate: 6.72 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.) Net migration rate: −6.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.) Infant mortality rate: 27.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.07 years male: 68.65 years female: 75.65 years (1994 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.19 children born/woman (1994 est.) Nationality: noun: Armenian(s) adjective: Armenian Ethnic divisions: Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other 2% Religions: Armenian Orthodox 94% Languages: Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2% Literacy: age 9–49 can read and write (1970) total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% Labor force: 1.578 million by occupation: industry and construction 34%, agriculture and forestry 31%, other 35% (1992)

      @Armenia, Government

      Names:

       conventional long form:

       Republic of Armenia

       conventional short form:

       Armenia

       local long form:

       Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun

       local short form:

       Hayastan

       former:

       Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian Republic

       Digraph:

       AM

       Type:

       republic

       Capital:

       Yerevan

       Administrative divisions:

       none (all rayons are under direct republic jurisdiction)

       Independence:

       28 May 1918 (First Armenian Republic); 23 September 1991 (from Soviet

       Union)

       National holiday:

       Referendum Day, 21 September

       Constitution:

       adopted NA April 1978; post-Soviet constitution not yet adopted

       Legal system:

       based on civil law system

       Suffrage:

       18 years of age; universal

       Executive branch:

       chief of state:

       President Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSYAN (since 16 October 1991), Vice

       President Gagik ARUTYUNYAN (since 16 October 1991); election last held

       16 October 1991 (next to be held NA); results - Levon Akopovich

       TER-PETROSYAN 86%; radical nationalists about 7%; note - Levon

       Akopovich TER-PETROSYAN was elected Chairman of the Armenian Supreme

       Soviet 4 August 1990 before becoming president

       head of government:

       Prime Minister Hrant BAGRATYAN (since 16 February 1993); First Deputy

       Prime Minister Vigen CHITECHYAN (since 16 February 1993)

       cabinet:

       Council of Ministers; appointed by the president

       Legislative branch:

       unicameral

       Supreme Soviet:

       elections last held 20 May 1990 (next to be held NA); results -

       percent of vote by party NA; seats - (260 total) non-aligned 125, ANM

       52, DPA 23, Democratic Liberal Party 17, ARF 17, NDU 9, Christian

       Democratic Party 1, Constitutional Rights Union 1, UNSD 1, Republican

       Party 1, Nagorno-Karabakh representatives 13

       Judicial branch:

       Supreme Court

       Political parties and leaders:

       Armenian National Movement (ANM), Ter-Husik LAZARYAN, chairman;

       National Democratic Union (NDU), David VARTANYAN, chairman; Armenian

       Revolutionary Federation (ARF, Dashnaktsutyun), Arutyun ALISTAKESYAN,

       chairman; Democratic Party of Armenia (DPA; Communist Party), Aram

       SARKISYAN, chairman; Christian Democratic Party, Azat ARSHAKYAN,

       chairman; Greens Party, Hakob SANASARIAN, chairman; Democratic Liberal

       Party, Rouben MIRZAKHANYAN, chairman; Republican Party, Ashot

       NAVARSARDYAN, chairman; Union for Self-Determination (UNSD), Paruir

       AIRIKYAN, chairman

       Member of:

       BSEC, CCC, CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO,

       IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NACC, NAM (observer), UN, UNCTAD,

       UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

       Diplomatic representation in US:

       chief of mission:

       Ambassador Rouben Robert