The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

of skilled labor (1989 est.)

      _#_Budget: revenues $1.2 billion; expenditures $1.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $230 million (1988 est.)

      _#_Exports: $1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1989);

      commodities—crude oil, liquefied natural gas, petroleum products;

      partners—Japan 60%, Thailand 10%, Singapore 4% (1988)

      _#_Imports: $1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1989);

      commodities—machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals;

      partners—Singapore 36%, UK 26%, Switzerland 7%, US 7%, Japan 6% (1988)

      _#_External debt: none

      _#_Industrial production: growth rate 12.9% (1987); accounts for 52.4% of GDP

      _#_Electricity: 310,000 kW capacity; 890 million kWh produced, 2,400 kWh per capita (1990)

      _#_Industries: petroleum, liquefied natural gas, construction

      _#_Agriculture: imports about 80% of its food needs; principal crops and livestock include rice, cassava, bananas, buffaloes, and pigs

      _#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–87), $20.6 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–87), $143.7 million

      _#_Currency: Bruneian dollar (plural—dollars); 1 Bruneian dollar (B$) = 100 cents

      _#_Exchange rates: Bruneian dollars (B$) per US$1—1.7454 (January 1991), 1.8125 (1990), 1.9503 (1989), 2.0124 (1988), 2.1060 (1987), 2.1774 (1986), 2.2002 (1985); note—the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar

      _#_Fiscal year: calendar year

      _*Communications #_Railroads: 13 km 0.610-meter narrow-gauge private line

      _#_Highways: 1,090 km total; 370 km paved (bituminous treated) and another 52 km under construction, 720 km gravel or unimproved

      _#_Inland waterways: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 meters

      _#_Ports: Kuala Belait, Muara

      _#_Merchant marine: 7 liquefied gas carriers (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT

      _#_Pipelines: crude oil, 135 km; refined products, 418 km; natural gas, 920 km

      _#_Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft (3 Boeing 757–200, 1 Boeing 737–200)

      _#_Airports: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,659 m; 1 with runway 1,406 m

      _#_Telecommunications: service throughout country is adequate for present needs; international service good to adjacent Malaysia; radiobroadcast coverage good; 33,000 telephones (1987); stations—4 AM/FM, 1 TV; 74,000 radio receivers (1987); satellite earth stations—1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT

      _*Defense Forces #_Branches: Royal Brunei Armed Forces (including Ground Forces, Flotilla, and Air Wing), Royal Brunei Police

      _#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 110,727; 63,730 fit for military service; 3,199 reach military age (18) annually

      _#Defense expenditures: $233.1 million, 7.1% of GDP (1988) % @Bulgaria *Geography #_Total area: 110,910 km2; land area: 110,550 km2

      _#_Comparative area: slightly larger than Tennessee

      _#_Land boundaries: 1,881 km total; Greece 494 km, Romania 608 km, Turkey 240 km, Yugoslavia 539 km

      _#_Coastline: 354 km

      _#_Maritime claims:

      Contiguous zone: 24 nm;

      Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;

      Territorial sea: 12 nm

      _#_Disputes: Macedonia question with Greece and Yugoslavia

      _#_Climate: temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers

      _#_Terrain: mostly mountains with lowlands in north and south

      _#_Natural resources: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land

      _#_Land use: arable land 34%; permanent crops 3%; meadows and pastures 18%; forest and woodland 35%; other 10%; includes irrigated 11%

      _#_Environment: subject to earthquakes, landslides; deforestation; air pollution

      _#_Note: strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia

      _*People #_Population: 8,910,622 (July 1991), growth rate - 0.2% (1991)

      _#_Birth rate: 13 births/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Death rate: 12 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Net migration rate: - 3 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Infant mortality rate: 13 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

      _#_Life expectancy at birth: 69 years male, 76 years female (1991)

      _#_Total fertility rate: 1.9 children born/woman (1991)

      _#_Nationality: noun—Bulgarian(s); adjective—Bulgarian

      _#_Ethnic divisions: Bulgarian 85.3%, Turk 8.5%, Gypsy 2.6%, Macedonian 2.5%, Armenian 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, other 0.6%

      _#_Religion: Bulgarian Orthodox 85%; Muslim 13%; Jewish 0.8%; Roman Catholic 0.5%; Uniate Catholic 0.2%; Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian, and other 0.5%

      _#_Language: Bulgarian; secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown

      _#_Literacy: 93% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1970 est.)

      _#_Labor force: 4,300,000; industry 33%, agriculture 20%, other 47% (1987)

      _#_Organized labor: Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria (KNSB); Edinstvo (Unity) People's Trade Union (splinter confederation from KNSB); Podkrepa (Support) Labor Confederation, legally registered in January 1990

      _*Government #_Long-form name: Republic of Bulgaria

      _#_Type: emerging democracy, continuing significant Communist party influence

      _#_Capital: Sofia

      _#_Administrative divisions: 9 provinces (oblasti, singular—oblast); Burgas, Grad Sofiya, Khaskovo, Lovech, Mikhaylovgrad, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Sofiya, Varna

      _#_Independence: 22 September 1908 (from Ottoman Empire)

      _#_Constitution: 16 May 1971, effective 18 May 1971; a new constitution is likely to be adopted in 1991

      _#_Legal system: based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the State Council; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      _#_National holiday: Liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire, 3 March (1878)

      _#_Executive branch: president, chairman of the Council of Ministers (premier), three deputy chairmen of the Council of Ministers, Council of Ministers

      _#_Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Narodno Sobranie)

      _#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court

      _#_Leaders:

      Chief of State—President Zhelyu ZHELEV (since 1 August 1990);

      Head of Government—Chairman of the Council of Ministers

       (Premier) Dimitur POPOV (since 19 December 1990);

       Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers Aleksandur TOMOV

       (since 19 December 1990);

       Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers Viktor VULKOV (since

       19 December 1990);

       Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers Dimitur LUDZHEV

       (since 19 December 1990);

      _#_Political