The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

NA%

      _#_Budget: revenues $194 million; expenditures $390 million, including capital expenditures of $104 million (1990 est.)

      _#_Exports: $250 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);

      commodities—crude oil, cotton, palm products, cocoa;

      partners—FRG 36%, France 16%, Spain 14%, Italy 8%, UK 4%

      _#_Imports: $442 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.);

      commodities—foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco, petroleum products, intermediate goods, capital goods, light consumer goods;

      partners—France 34%, Netherlands 10%, Japan 7%, Italy 6%, US 4%

      _#_External debt: $1.0 billion (December 1990 est.)

      _#_Industrial production: growth rate - 0.7% (1988); accounts for 30% of GDP

      _#_Electricity: 28,000 kW capacity; 24 million kWh produced, 5 kWh per capita (1989)

      _#_Industries: textiles,cigarettes, construction materials, beverages, food production, petroleum

      _#_Agriculture: small farms produce 90% of agricultural output; production is dominated by food crops—corn, sorghum, cassava, beans, and rice; cash crops include cotton, palm oil, and peanuts; poultry and livestock output has not kept up with consumption

      _#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $46 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $1.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $19 million; Communist countries (1970–89), $101 million

      _#_Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural—francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

      _#_Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1—256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

      _#_Fiscal year: calendar year

      _*Communications #_Railroads: 578 km, all 1.000-meter gauge, single track

      _#_Highways: 5,050 km total; 920 km paved, 2,600 laterite, 1,530 km improved earth

      _#_Inland waterways: navigable along small sections, important only locally

      _#_Ports: Cotonou

      _#_Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft

      _#_Airports: 6 total, 4 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 2,439 m; 4 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      _#_Telecommunications: fair system of open wire, submarine cable, and radio relay; 16,200 telephones; stations—2 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT satellite earth station

      _*Defense Forces #_Branches: People's Armed Forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force), National Gendarmerie, People's Militia, Presidential Guard

      _#_Manpower availability: eligible 15–49, 2,089,646; of the 991,278 males 15–49, 507,482 are fit for military service; of the 1,098,368 females 15–49, 554,454 are fit for military service; about 57,106 males and 55,297 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes are liable for military service

      _#Defense expenditures: $38 million, 2.3% of GDP (1988) % @Bermuda (dependent territory of the UK) *Geography #_Total area: 50 km2; land area: 50 km2

      _#_Comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

      _#_Land boundaries: none

      _#_Coastline: 103 km

      _#_Maritime claims:

      Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;

      Territorial sea: 12 nm

      _#_Climate: subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter

      _#_Terrain: low hills separated by fertile depressions

      _#_Natural resources: limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism

      _#_Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 20%; other 80%

      _#_Environment: ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; consists of about 360 small coral islands

      _#_Note: 1,050 km east of North Carolina; some reclaimed land leased by US Government

      _*People #_Population: 58,433 (July 1991), growth rate 1.5% (1991)

      _#_Birth rate: 15 births/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Net migration rate: 7 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Infant mortality rate: 12 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

      _#_Life expectancy at birth: 72 years male, 78 years female (1991)

      _#_Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1991)

      _#_Nationality: noun—Bermudian(s); adjective—Bermudian

      _#_Ethnic divisions: black 61%, white and other 39%

      _#_Religion: Anglican 37%, Roman Catholic 14%, African Methodist Episcopal (Zion) 10%, Methodist 6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5%, other 28%

      _#_Language: English

      _#_Literacy: 98% (male 98%, female 99%) age 15 and over can read and write (1970)

      _#_Labor force: 32,000; clerical 25%, services 22%, laborers 21%, professional and technical 13%, administrative and managerial 10%, sales 7%, agriculture and fishing 2% (1984)

      _#_Organized labor: 8,573 members (1985); largest union is Bermuda Industrial Union

      _*Government #_Long-form name: none

      _#_Type: dependent territory of the UK

      _#_Capital: Hamilton

      _#_Administrative divisions: 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smiths, Southampton, Warwick

      _#_Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK)

      _#_Constitution: 8 June 1968

      _#_Legal system: English law

      _#_National holiday: Bermuda Day, 22 May

      _#_Executive branch: British monarch, governor, deputy governor, premier, deputy premier, Executive Council (cabinet)

      _#_Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or Senate and a lower house or House of Assembly

      _#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court

      _#_Leaders:

      Chief of State—Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir Desmond LANGLEY (since NA October 1988);

      Head of Government—Premier John William David SWAN (since NA

       January 1982)

      _#_Political parties and leaders:

       United Bermuda Party (UBP), John W. D. SWAN;

       Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Frederick WADE;

       National Liberal Party (NLP), Gilbert DARRELL

      _#_Suffrage: universal at age 21

      _#_Elections:

      House of Assembly—last held 9 February 1989 (next to be held by February 1994); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(40 total) UBP 23, PLP 15, NLP 1, other 1

      _#_Communists: negligible

      _#_Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU), headed by Ottiwell SIMMONS

      _#_Member of: CARICOM (observer), ICFTU, IOC

      _#_Diplomatic representation: as a dependent territory of the UK, Bermuda's interests in the US are represented by the UK;

      US—Consul