The 2001 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

code: HTG

      Exchange rates: gourdes per US dollar - 23.761 (January 2001), 22.524 (2000), 17.965 (1999), 16.505 (1998), 17.311 (1997), 15.093 (1996)

      Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September

      Haiti Communications

      Telephones - main lines in use: 60,000 (1997)

      Telephones - mobile cellular: 0 (1995)

      Telephone system: general assessment: domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better

      domestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay trunk service

      international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 41, FM 26, shortwave 0 (1999)

      Radios: 415,000 (1997)

      Television broadcast stations: 2 (plus a cable TV service) (1997)

      Televisions: 38,000 (1997)

      Internet country code: .ht

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 3 (2000)

      Internet users: 6,000 (2000)

      Haiti Transportation

      Railways: total: 40 km (single track; privately owned industrial line) - closed in early 1990s

      narrow gauge: 40 km 0.760-m gauge

      Highways: total: 4,160 km

      paved: 1,011 km

      unpaved: 3,149 km (1996)

      Waterways: NEGL; less than 100 km navigable

      Ports and harbors: Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Jeremie, Les

       Cayes, Miragoane, Port-au-Prince, Port-de-Paix, Saint-Marc

      Merchant marine: none (2000 est.)

      Airports: 13 (2000 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 3

      2,438 to 3,047 m: 1

      914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2000 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 10

      914 to 1,523 m: 2

      under 914 m: 8 (2000 est.)

      Haiti Military

      Military branches: Haitian National Police (HNP)

      note: the regular Haitian Army, Navy, and Air Force have been demobilized but still exist on paper until constitutionally abolished

      Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age

      Military manpower - availability: males age 15–49: 1,635,253 (2001 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15–49: 888,305 (2001 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 87,049 (2001 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: $NA; note - mainly for police and security activities

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: NA%

      Haiti Transnational Issues

      Disputes - international: claims US-administered Navassa Island

      Illicit drugs: major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; vulnerable to money laundering

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      @Heard Island and McDonald Islands

      Heard Island and McDonald Islands Introduction

      Background: These uninhabited, barren islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.

      Heard Island and McDonald Islands Geography

      Location: Southern Africa, islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica

      Geographic coordinates: 53 06 S, 72 31 E

      Map references: Antarctic Region

      Area: total: 412 sq km

      land: 412 sq km

      water: 0 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly more than two times the size of

       Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 101.9 km

      Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM

      territorial sea: 3 NM

      Climate: antarctic

      Terrain: Heard Island - bleak and mountainous, with a quiescent volcano; McDonald Islands - small and rocky

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Southern Ocean 0 m

      highest point: Big Ben 2,745 m

      Natural resources: none

      Land use: arable land: 0%

      permanent crops: 0%

      permanent pastures: 0%

      forests and woodland: 0%

      other: 100%

      Irrigated land: 0 sq km (1993)

      Natural hazards: Heard Island is dominated by a dormant volcano called Big Ben

      Environment - current issues: NA

      Geography - note: primarily used for research stations

      Heard Island and McDonald Islands People

      Population: uninhabited (July 2001 est.)

      Heard Island and McDonald Islands Government

      Country name: conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and

       McDonald Islands

      conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands

      Dependency status: territory of Australia; administered from

       Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories

      Legal system: the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply

      Diplomatic representation in the US: none (territory of Australia)

      Diplomatic representation from the US: none (territory of Australia)

      Flag description: the flag of Australia is used

      Heard Island and McDonald Islands Economy

      Economy - overview: no economic activity

      Heard Island and McDonald Islands Communications

      Internet country code: .hm

      Heard Island and McDonald Islands Transportation

      Waterways: none

      Ports and harbors: none; offshore anchorage only

      Heard Island and McDonald Islands Military

      Military - note: defense is the responsibility of Australia

      Heard Island and McDonald Islands Transnational Issues

      Disputes - international: none

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      @Holy See (Vatican City)

      Holy See (Vatican City) Introduction

      Background: Popes in their secular role ruled much of the Italian peninsula for more than a