The 2001 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

private consumption, yet may be 1 or 2 points lower than in 2000, largely because of a weakening in export demand.

      GDP: purchasing power parity - $118.3 billion (2000 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate: 5.6% (2000 est.)

      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $22,900 (2000 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 3.5%

      industry: 29%

      services: 67.5% (1999)

      Population below poverty line: NA%

      Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 4.2%

      highest 10%: 21.6% (1991)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.4% (2000 est.)

      Labor force: 2.6 million (2000 est.)

      Labor force - by occupation: public services 32%, industry 22%, commerce 14%, finance, insurance, and business services 10%, agriculture and forestry 8%, transport and communications 8%, construction 6%

      Unemployment rate: 9.8% (2000 est.)

      Budget: revenues: $36.1 billion

      expenditures: $31 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)

      Industries: metal products, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, copper refining, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing

      Industrial production growth rate: 7.5% (2000)

      Electricity - production: 75.792 billion kWh (1999)

      Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 41.88%

      hydro: 16.77%

      nuclear: 28.82%

      other: 12.53% (1999)

      Electricity - consumption: 81.611 billion kWh (1999)

      Electricity - exports: 232 million kWh (1999)

      Electricity - imports: 11.356 billion kWh (1999)

      Agriculture - products: cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish

      Exports: $44.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

      Exports - commodities: machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp

      Exports - partners: EU 58% (Germany 13%, Sweden 10%, UK 9%, France 5%, Netherlands 4%), US 8%, Russia, Japan (1999)

      Imports: $32.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000)

      Imports - commodities: foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains

      Imports - partners: EU 60% (Germany 15%, Sweden 11%, UK 7%), US 8%,

       Russia 7%, Japan 6% (1999)

      Debt - external: $30 billion (December 1993)

      Economic aid - donor: ODA, $379 million (1997)

      Currency: markka (FIM); euro (EUR)

      note: on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Finland at a fixed rate of 5.94573 markkaa per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002

      Currency code: FIM; EUR

      Exchange rates: euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); markkaa per US dollar - 5.3441 (1998), 5.1914 (1997), 4.5936 (1996)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      Finland Communications

      Telephones - main lines in use: 2.861 million (1997)

      Telephones - mobile cellular: 2,162,574 (1997)

      Telephone system: general assessment: modern system with excellent service

      domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and an extensive cellular net provide domestic needs

      international: 1 submarine cable; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 186, shortwave 1 (1998)

      Radios: 7.7 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations: 130 (plus 385 repeaters) (1995)

      Televisions: 3.2 million (1997)

      Internet country code: .fi

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 23 (2000)

      Internet users: 2.27 million (2000)

      Finland Transportation

      Railways: total: 5,865 km

      broad gauge: 5,865 km 1.524-m gauge (2,192 km electrified; 480 km double or multiple track) (1998)

      Highways: total: 77,796 km

      paved: 49,789 km (including 444 km of expressways)

      unpaved: 28,042 km (1999)

      Waterways: 6,675 km

      note: includes Saimaa Canal; 3,700 km suitable for large ships

      Pipelines: natural gas 580 km

      Ports and harbors: Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Loviisa, Oulu,

       Pori, Rauma, Turku, Uusikaupunki, Varkaus

      Merchant marine: total: 98 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,172,808 GRT/1,138,175 DWT

      ships by type: bulk 9, cargo 23, chemical tanker 5, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 11, railcar carrier 1, roll on/roll off 37, short-sea passenger 11 (2000 est.)

      Airports: 159 (2000 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 69

      over 3,047 m: 3

      2,438 to 3,047 m: 26

      1,524 to 2,437 m: 10

      914 to 1,523 m: 20

      under 914 m: 10 (2000 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 90

      914 to 1,523 m: 6

      under 914 m: 84 (2000 est.)

      Finland Military

      Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Frontier Guard (includes

       Sea Guard)

      Military manpower - military age: 17 years of age

      Military manpower - availability: males age 15–49: 1,251,700 (2001 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15–49: 1,033,188 (2001 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 33,883 (2001 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: $1.8 billion (FY98)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 2% (FY98)

      Finland Transnational Issues

      Disputes - international: none

      ======================================================================

      @France

      France Introduction

      Background: Although ultimately a victor in World Wars I and II, France suffered extensive losses in its empire, wealth, manpower, and rank as a dominant nation-state. Nevertheless, France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations. Since 1958, it has constructed a presidential democracy resistant to the instabilities experienced in earlier parliamentary democracies. In recent years,