The 2001 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

goats

      Exports: $460 million (f.o.b., 1999)

      Exports - commodities: coffee, gold, leather products, oilseeds, qat

      Exports - partners: Germany 16%, Japan 13%, Djibouti 10%, Saudi

       Arabia 7% (1999 est.)

      Imports: $1.25 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

      Imports - commodities: food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles

      Imports - partners: Saudi Arabia 28%, Italy 10%, Russia 7%, US 6% (1999 est.)

      Debt - external: $10 billion (1999 est.)

      Economic aid - recipient: $367 million (FY95/96)

      Currency: birr (ETB)

      Currency code: ETB

      Exchange rates: birr per US dollar (end of period) - 8.3140 (December 2000), 8.3140 (2000), 8.1340 (1999), 7.5030 (1998), 6.8640 (1997), 6.4260 (1996)

      note: since May 1993, the birr market rate has been determined in an interbank market supported by weekly wholesale auction

      Fiscal year: 8 July - 7 July

      Ethiopia Communications

      Telephones - main lines in use: 157,000 (1997)

      Telephones - mobile cellular: 4,000 (1999)

      Telephone system: general assessment: open wire and microwave radio relay system adequate for government use

      domestic: open wire; microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; two domestic satellites provide the national trunk service

      international: open wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 0, shortwave 2 (1999)

      Radios: 11.75 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations: 25 (1999)

      Televisions: 320,000 (1997)

      Internet country code: .et

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 1 (2000)

      Internet users: 7,200 (1999)

      Ethiopia Transportation

      Railways: total: 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis

       Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

      narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge

      note: in April 1998, Djibouti and Ethiopia announced plans to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals; since May 1998 Ethiopia has expended considerable effort to repair and maintain the lines

      Highways: total: 24,145 km

      paved: 3,290 km

      unpaved: 20,855 km (1998)

      Waterways: none

      Ports and harbors: none; Ethiopia is landlocked and was by agreement with Eritrea using the ports of Assab and Massawa; since the border dispute with Eritrea flared, Ethiopia has used the port of Djibouti for nearly all of its imports

      Merchant marine: total: 11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 85,382 GRT/108,526 DWT

      ships by type: cargo 6, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 3 (2000 est.)

      Airports: 86 (2000 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 12

      over 3,047 m: 3

      2,438 to 3,047 m: 5

      1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

      914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 74

      over 3,047 m: 2

      2,438 to 3,047 m: 7

      1,524 to 2,437 m: 10

      914 to 1,523 m: 35

      under 914 m: 20 (2000 est.)

      Ethiopia Military

      Military branches: Ground Forces, Air Force, Police, Militia

      note: Ethiopia is landlocked and has no navy; following the independence of Eritrea, Ethiopian naval facilities remained in Eritrean possession and ships which belonged to the former Ethiopian Navy and based at Djibouti have been sold

      Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age

      Military manpower - availability: males age 15–49: 14,537,884 (2001 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15–49: 7,581,815 (2001 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 703,625 (2001 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: $138 million (FY98/99)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 2.5% (FY98/99)

      Ethiopia Transnational Issues

      Disputes - international: most of the southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a Provisional Administrative Line; as a result of the 12 December 2000 peace agreement ending a two year war with Eritrea, the UN will administer a 25-km wide temporary security zone within Eritrea until a joint boundary commission delimits and demarcates a final boundary; dispute over alignment of boundary with Eritrea led to armed conflict in 1998; a peace accord signed in December 2000 provides for UN-assisted arbitration and demarcation of the border

      Illicit drugs: transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia

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      @Europa Island

      Europa Island Introduction

      Background: A French possession since 1897, the island is heavily wooded; it is the site of a small military garrison that staffs a weather station.

      Europa Island Geography

      Location: Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique

      Geographic coordinates: 22 20 S, 40 22 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area: total: 28 sq km

      land: 28 sq km

      water: 0 sq km

      Area - comparative: about 0.16 times the size of Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 22.2 km

      Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

      territorial sea: 12 NM

      Climate: tropical

      Terrain: low and flat

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m

      highest point: unnamed location 24 m

      Natural resources: NEGL

      Land use: arable land: 0%

      permanent crops: 0%

      permanent pastures: 0%

      forests and woodland: 100%

      other: 0%

      Irrigated land: 0 sq km (1993)

      Natural hazards: NA

      Environment - current issues: NA

      Geography