The 2005 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

gas 4, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 8,

       roll on/roll off 5

       foreign-owned: 16 (France 1, Germany 3, Japan 1, Philippines 1,

       Saudi Arabia 1, United Kingdom 2, United States 7)

       registered in other countries: 35 (2005)

      Airports:

       448 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 305 over 3,047 m: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 12 1,524 to 2,437 m: 131 914 to 1,523 m: 139 under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 143 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 112 under 914 m: 14 (2004 est.)

      Military Australia

      Military branches:

       Australian Defense Force (ADF): Australian Army, Royal Australian

       Navy, Royal Australian Air Force, Special Operations Command

      Military service age and obligation:

       16 years of age for voluntary service (2001)

      Manpower available for military service:

       males age 16–49: 4,943,676 (2005 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

       males age 16–49: 4,092,717 (2005 est.)

      Manpower reaching military service age annually:

       males: 142,158 (2005 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $16.65 billion (2004)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       2.7% (2004)

      Transnational Issues Australia

      Disputes - international:

       East Timor and Australia continue to meet but disagree over how to

       delimit a permanent maritime boundary and share unexploited

       petroleum resources that fall outside the Joint Petroleum

       Development Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty; East Timor

       dispute hampers creation of a revised maritime boundary with

       Indonesia (see also Ashmore and Cartier Islands dispute); regional

       states express concern over Australia's 2004 declaration of a

       1,000-nautical mile-wide maritime indentification zone; Australia

       asserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica (see Antarctica); in

       2004 Australia submitted claims to UNCLOS to extend its continental

       margin from both its mainland and Antarctic claims

      Illicit drugs:

       Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate

       products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium

       poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

      This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

      ======================================================================

      @Austria

      Introduction Austria

      Background:

       Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire,

       Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World

       War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent

       occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status

       remained unclear for a decade. A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended

       the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade

       unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year

       declared the country's "perpetual neutrality" as a condition for

       Soviet military withdrawal. Following the Soviet Union's collapse in

       1991 and Austria's entry into the European Union in 1995, some

       Austrians have called into question this neutrality. A prosperous,

       democratic country, Austria entered the Economic and Monetary Union

       in 1999.

      Geography Austria

      Location:

       Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia

      Geographic coordinates:

       47 20 N, 13 20 E

      Map references:

       Europe

      Area:

       total: 83,870 sq km

       land: 82,444 sq km

       water: 1,426 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than Maine

      Land boundaries:

       total: 2,562 km

       border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366

       km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330

       km, Switzerland 164 km

      Coastline:

       0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims:

       none (landlocked)

      Climate:

       temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and

       some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with

       occasional showers

      Terrain:

       in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern

       and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m

       highest point: Grossglockner 3,798 m

      Natural resources:

       oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony,

       magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower

      Land use: arable land: 16.91% permanent crops: 0.86% other: 82.23% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       457 sq km (2000 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       landslides; avalanches; earthquakes

      Environment - current issues: some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

       Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,

       Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,

       Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto

       Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental

       Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer

       Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,

       Wetlands, Whaling

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography