The 2005 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

$127 million (2001 est.)

      Currency (code):

       kyat (MMK)

      Currency code:

       MMK

      Exchange rates:

       kyats per US dollar - 5.7459 (2004), 6.0764 (2003), 6.5734 (2002),

       6.6841 (2001), 6.4257 (2000)

       note: these are official exchange rates; unofficial exchange rates

       ranged in 2004 from 815 kyat/US dollar to nearly 970 kyat/US dollar

      Fiscal year:

       1 April - 31 March

      Communications Burma

      Telephones - main lines in use:

       357,300 (2003)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       66,500 (2003)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: barely meets minimum requirements for local and

       intercity service for business and government; international service

       is fair

       domestic: NA

       international: country code - 95; satellite earth station - 2,

       Intelsat (Indian Ocean), and ShinSat

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 1, FM 1 (2004)

      Radios:

       4.2 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations:

       2 (2004)

      Televisions:

       320,000 (2000)

      Internet country code:

       .mm

      Internet hosts:

       3 (2003)

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       1

       note: as of September 2000, Internet connections were legal only for

       the government, tourist offices, and a few large businesses (2000)

      Internet users:

       28,000 (2003)

      Transportation Burma

      Railways: total: 3,955 km narrow gauge: 3,955 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)

      Highways: total: 28,200 km paved: 3,440 km unpaved: 24,760 km (1996 est.)

      Waterways:

       12,800 km (2004)

      Pipelines:

       gas 2,056 km; oil 558 km (2004)

      Ports and harbors:

       Moulmein, Rangoon, Sittwe

      Merchant marine:

       total: 37 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 429,144 GRT/659,622 DWT

       by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 19, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 3,

       roll on'roll off 3, specialized tanker 1

       foreign-owned: 10 (Germany 4, Japan 5, United Kingdom 1) (2005)

      Airports:

       78 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 9 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 69 over 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 31 (2004 est.)

      Heliports: 1 (2004 est.)

      Military Burma

      Military branches:

       Myanmar Armed Forces (Tatmadaw): Army, Navy, Air Force (2005)

      Military service age and obligation:

       18 years of age for voluntary military service for both sexes (May

       2002)

      Manpower available for military service:

       males age 18–49: 11,254,374

       females age 18–49: 11,303,100 (2005 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

       males age 18–49: 6,512,923

       females age 18–49: 6,789,720 (2005 est.)

      Manpower reaching military service age annually:

       males: 440,914

       females: 427,382 (2005 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $39 million (FY97)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       2.1% (FY97)

      Transnational Issues Burma

      Disputes - international:

       over half of Burma's population consists of diverse ethnic groups

       with substantial numbers of kin beyond its borders; despite

       continuing border committee talks, significant differences remain

       with Thailand over boundary alignment and the handling of ethnic

       rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities; ethnic Karens

       flee into Thailand to escape fighting between Karen rebels and

       Burmese troops, in 2004 Thailand sheltered about 118,000 Burmese

       refugees; Karens also protest Thai support for a Burmese

       hydroelectric dam on the Salween River near the border;

       environmentalists in Burma and Thailand continue to voice concern

       over China's construction of hydroelectric dams upstream on the

       Nujiang/Salween River in Yunnan Province; India seeks cooperation

       from Burma to keep Indian Nagaland separatists from hiding in remote

       Burmese uplands

      Refugees and internally displaced persons:

       IDPs: 600,000 - 1,000,000 (government offensives against ethnic

       insurgent groups near borders; most IDPs are ethnic Karen, Karenni,

       Shan, and Mon) (2004)

      Illicit drugs:

       remains world's second largest producer of illicit opium (estimated

       production in 2004 - 292 metric tons, down 40% from 2003 due to

       eradication efforts and drought; cultivation in 2004 - 30,900

       hectares, a 34% decline from 2003); lack of government will and

       ability to take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious

       commitment against money laundering continues to hinder the overall

       antidrug effort; major source of methamphetamine and heroin for

       regional consumption; currently under Financial Action Task Force

       countermeasures due to continued failure to address its inadequate

       money-laundering controls (2005)

      This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

      ======================================================================

      @Burundi

      Introduction Burundi

      Background:

       Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated

       in October 1993 after only one hundred days in office. Since then,

       some 200,000 Burundians have perished in widespread, often intense