The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

gas - consumption:

       1.27 billion cu m (2001 est.)

      Natural gas - exports:

       0 cu m (2001 est.)

      Natural gas - imports:

       1.27 billion cu m (2001 est.)

      Current account balance:

       $-1.15 billion (2003)

      Exports:

       $4.075 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

      Exports - commodities:

       machinery and equipment 33%, wood and paper 15%, textiles 14%, food

       products 8%, furniture 7%, metals, chemical products (2001)

      Exports - partners:

       Finland 21.9%, Sweden 12.5%, Russia 11.4%, Germany 8.4%, Latvia

       7.4%, Lithuania 4% (2003)

      Imports:

       $5.535 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

      Imports - commodities:

       machinery and equipment 33.5%, chemical products 11.6%, textiles

       10.3%, foodstuffs 9.4%, transportation equipment 8.9% (2001)

      Imports - partners:

       Finland 15.9%, Germany 11.1%, Russia 10.2%, Sweden 7.7%, Ukraine

       4.3%, China 4.2%, Japan 4.1% (2003)

      Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:

       $1.377 billion (2003)

      Debt - external:

       $7.002 billion (2003 est.)

      Economic aid - recipient:

       $108 million (2000)

      Currency:

       Estonian kroon (EEK)

      Currency code:

       EEK

      Exchange rates:

       krooni per US dollar - 13.8564 (2003), 16.6118 (2002), 17.4781

       (2001), 16.9686 (2000), 14.6776 (1999)

      Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      Communications Estonia

      Telephones - main lines in use:

       475,000 (2002)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       881,000 (2002)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: foreign investment in the form of joint

       business ventures greatly improved telephone service; substantial

       fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, and radio traffic in

       the digital mode; Internet services are available throughout most of

       the country - only about 11,000 subscriber requests were unfilled by

       September 2000

       domestic: a wide range of high quality voice, data, and Internet

       services is available throughout the country

       international: country code - 372; fiber-optic cables to Finland,

       Sweden, Latvia, and Russia provide worldwide packet-switched

       service; two international switches are located in Tallinn (2001)

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 0, FM 98, shortwave 0 (2001)

      Radios:

       1.01 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations:

       3 (2001)

      Televisions:

       605,000 (1997)

      Internet country code:

       .ee

      Internet hosts:

       82,142 (2004)

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       38 (2001)

      Internet users:

       444,000 (2002)

      Transportation Estonia

      Railways:

       total: 958 km

       broad gauge: 958 km 1.520-m/1.524-m gauge (132 km electrified)

       note: gauge being increased from 1.520-m to 1.524-m to reduce wear

       on wheels and rail as lines are modernized (2003)

      Highways:

       total: 51,411 km

       paved: 10,334 km (including 94 km of expressways)

       unpaved: 41,077 km (2000)

      Waterways:

       500 km (2003)

      Pipelines:

       gas 859 km (2004)

      Ports and harbors:

       Haapsalu, Kunda, Muuga, Paldiski, Parnu, Tallinn

      Merchant marine:

       total: 32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 212,998 GRT/177,488 DWT

       by type: bulk 2, cargo 12, container 4, petroleum tanker 2, roll

       on/roll off 7, short-sea/passenger 5

       foreign-owned: Netherlands 1

       registered in other countries: 45 (2004 est.)

      Airports:

       29 (2003 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways:

       total: 14

       over 3,047 m: 1

       2,438 to 3,047 m: 8

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

       914 to 1,523 m: 3

       under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways:

       total: 15

       over 3,047 m: 1

       2,438 to 3,047 m: 1

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

       914 to 1,523 m: 4

       under 914 m: 6 (2003 est.)

      Military Estonia

      Military branches:

       Estonia Defense Forces (including Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force),

       Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), Volunteer

       Defense League (Kaitseliit), Maritime Border Guard, Coast Guard

       note: Border Guards and Ministry of Internal Affairs become part of

       the Estonian Defense Forces in wartime; the Coast Guard is

       subordinate to the Ministry of Defense in peacetime and the Estonian

       Navy in wartime

      Military manpower - military age and obligation: 18 years of age for compulsory military service, with 11-month service obligation; Estonia has committed to retaining conscription for men and women up to 2010; 17 years of age for volunteers (2004)

      Military manpower - availability:

       males age 15–49: 326,803 (2004 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 257,386 (2004 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually:

       males: 10,884 (2004 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $155 million (2002 est.)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: