The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

$8.759 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

      Exports - commodities:

       crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products,

       chemicals

      Exports - partners:

       US 13.3%, Italy 12.3%, UK 7.9%, France 4.7%, Germany 4.7%, India

       4.2% (2003)

      Imports:

       $14.75 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

      Imports - commodities:

       machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels

      Imports - partners:

       US 13.6%, Germany 7.4%, Italy 7%, France 6.6%, China 4.8%, Saudi

       Arabia 4.3% (2003)

      Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:

       $14.22 billion (2003)

      Debt - external:

       $30.34 billion (2003 est.)

      Economic aid - recipient:

       ODA, $1.2 billion (2001)

      Currency:

       Egyptian pound (EGP)

      Currency code:

       EGP

      Exchange rates:

       Egyptian pounds per US dollar - 5.8509 (2003), 4.4997 (2002), 3.973

       (2001), 3.4721 (2000), 3.3953 (1999)

      Fiscal year:

       1 July - 30 June

      Communications Egypt

      Telephones - main lines in use:

       8,735,700 (2003)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       5,797,500 (2003)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: large system; underwent extensive upgrading

       during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Internet access and cellular

       service are available

       domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah,

       Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and

       microwave radio relay

       international: country code - 20; satellite earth stations - 2

       Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1

       Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan;

       microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel and a

       signatory to Project Oxygen (a global submarine fiber-optic cable

       system)

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 42 (plus 15 repeaters), FM 14, shortwave 3 (1999)

      Radios:

       20.5 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations:

       98 (September 1995)

      Televisions:

       7.7 million (1997)

      Internet country code:

       .eg

      Internet hosts:

       3,401 (2004)

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       50 (2000)

      Internet users:

       2.7 million (2003)

      Transportation Egypt

      Railways: total: 5,063 km standard gauge: 5,063 km 1.435-m gauge (62 km electrified) (2003)

      Highways: total: 64,000 km paved: 49,984 km unpaved: 14,016 km (1999 est.)

      Waterways:

       3,500 km

       note: includes Nile River, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway,

       and numerous smaller canals in delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km including

       approaches) navigable by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 17.68 m

       (2004)

      Pipelines:

       condensate 289 km; condensate/gas 94 km; gas 6,115 km; liquid

       petroleum gas 852 km; oil 5,032 km; oil/gas/water 36 km; refined

       products 246 km (2004)

      Ports and harbors:

       Alexandria, Al Ghardaqah, Aswan, Asyut, Bur Safajah, Damietta,

       Marsa Matruh, Port Said, Suez

      Merchant marine:

       total: 159 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,194,696 GRT/1,754,815 DWT

       foreign-owned: China 2, Cyprus 1, Denmark 1, Greece 6, Lebanon 2,

       Turkey 1

       registered in other countries: 50 (2004 est.)

       by type: bulk 18, cargo 41, container 5, passenger 64, petroleum

       tanker 14, roll on/roll off 13, short-sea/passenger 4

      Airports:

       89 (2003 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways:

       total: 72

       over 3,047 m: 13

       2,438 to 3,047 m: 38

       under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 17

      Airports - with unpaved runways:

       total: 15

       under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)

       2,438 to 3,047 m: 1

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 2

       914 to 1,523 m: 5

      Heliports:

       2 (2003 est.)

      Military Egypt

      Military branches:

       Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command

      Military manpower - military age and obligation: 18 years of age for conscript military service; 3-year service obligation (2001)

      Military manpower - availability:

       males age 15–49: 20,340,716 (2004 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 13,148,944 (2004 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually:

       males: 756,233 (2004 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $2,443.2 million (2003)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       3.6% (2003)

      Transnational Issues Egypt

      Disputes - international:

       Egypt and Sudan retain claims to administer the triangular areas

       that extend north and south of the 1899 Treaty boundary along the

       22nd Parallel, but have withdrawn their military presence; Egypt is

       economically developing and effectively administers the "Hala'ib

       Triangle" north of the Treaty line

      Refugees and internally displaced persons:

       refugees (country of origin): 70,215 (Palestinian Territories)

       (2004)

      Illicit drugs: