German Profit Taxes. Christoph Freichel

expenses in standardized cases

       2.2.7Family benefit compensation

       2.2.8Assessment basis and scale

       2.2.8.1The taxable income

       2.2.8.2Scaled income tax

       2.2.8.3Special rates according to Secs. 34 and 34a EStG

       2.2.8.4Determination of the personal income tax to be assessed

       2.2.8.5Determination of the final payment and/or the refund entitlement

       2.3Partnerships

       2.3.1Co-partner income

       2.3.2Other partners of a partnership

       3Corporate income tax

       3.1Basic principles

       3.1.1Characteristic features

       3.1.2Personal tax liability

       3.1.2.1Unlimited tax liability

       3.1.2.2Limited tax liability

       3.1.3Tax exemption

       3.2Tax assessment basis

       3.2.1Determination of taxable income

       3.2.2Adaptations of the commercial balance sheet to the tax balance sheet

       3.2.3Additions and deductions to determine the taxable income outside of the balance sheet

       3.2.3.1Hidden profit distributions

       3.2.3.2Hidden equity contributions

       3.2.3.3Tax-exempt income from investments in accordance with Sec. 8b (1) KStG

       3.2.3.4Non-deductible expenditures in accordance with Sec. 10 KStG

       3.2.3.5Non-deductible expenditures in accordance with Secs. 4 (5), (5b), 4h, 4j EStG, Secs. 8a, 8b (3) and (5) KStG

       3.2.3.6Donations

       3.2.4From the total amount of income to the remaining corporate income tax payment/refund

       4Trade tax

       4.1Basic principles

       4.1.1Characterization of trade tax

       4.1.2Subject of taxation

       4.1.3Personal tax liability

       4.2Business profit

       4.2.1Additions under Sec. 8 GewStG

       4.2.2Deductions under Sec. 9 GewStG

       4.2.3Loss carryforward

       4.2.4Tax allowance, federal tax rate, municipal rate and advance payments

       4.3Breakdown

       4.4Lump-sum crediting of trade tax

       4.5Final question on trade tax

       5Legal neutrality of taxation

       5.1Principle of legal neutrality of taxation

       5.2Approaches for the implementation of legal form neutral taxation in Germany

       6Final comprehensive case

       6.1Information regarding corporate income tax

       6.2Information regarding personal income tax

       6.3Solution notes

       6.4Solution

       6.4.1Determination of the taxable income/provision for trade tax/provision for corporate income tax

       6.4.2Calculation of the tax liability for 2018

       6.4.2.1Application of the flat-rate withholding tax within the meaning of Sec. 32d EStG

       6.4.2.2Application of the partial-income method within the meaning of Sec. 3 no. 40 lit.