The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

      Budget:

       revenues: $122.6 million

       expenditures: $141.2 million, including capital expenditures of

       $17.3 million (1997 est.)

      Industries: tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing,

       alcohol, household appliances)

      Industrial production growth rate: 6% (1997 est.)

      Electricity—production: 95 million kWh (1996)

      Electricity—production by source: fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1996)

      Electricity—consumption: 95 million kWh (1996)

      Electricity—exports: 0 kWh (1996)

      Electricity—imports: 0 kWh (1996)

      Agriculture—products: cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock

      Exports: $37.8 million (1997)

      Exports—commodities: petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%,

       food and live animals 4%, machinery and transport equipment 17%

      Exports—partners: OECS 26%, Barbados 15%, Guyana 4%, Trinidad and

       Tobago 2%, US 0.3%

      Imports: $325.5 million (1997)

      Imports—commodities: food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil

      Imports—partners: US 27%, UK 16%, Canada 4%, OECS 3%, other 50%

      Debt—external: $240 million (1997 est.)

      Economic aid—recipient: $2.3 million (1995)

      Currency: 1 East Caribbean dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

      Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1—2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)

      Fiscal year: 1 April—31 March

      Communications

      Telephones: 6,700

      Telephone system:

       domestic: good automatic telephone system

       international: 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station—1

       Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands

       Antilles) and Guadeloupe

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 0 (repeater

       transmitters for Deutsche Welle and BBC world broadcasts) (1998)

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 2 (1997)

      Televisions: 28,000 (1993 est.)

      Transportation

      Railways:

       total: 77 km

       narrow gauge: 64 km 0.760-m gauge; 13 km 0.610-m gauge (used almost

       exclusively for handling sugarcane)

      Highways:

       total: 250 km (1996 est.)

       paved: NA km

       unpaved: NA km

      Ports and harbors: Saint John's

      Merchant marine:

       total: 517 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,706,126

       GRT/3,542,664 DWT

       ships by type: bulk 21, cargo 338, chemical tanker 7, combination

       bulk 2, container 111, liquefied gas tanker 2, multifunctional

       large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 9,

       roll-on/roll-off cargo 21, vehicle carrier 1

       note: a flag of convenience registry: Germany owns 10 ships,

       Slovenia 2, and Cyprus 2 (1998 est.)

      Airports: 3 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways: total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways:

       total: 1

       under 914 m: 1 (1998 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal

       Antigua and Barbuda Police Force (includes Coast Guard)

      Military expenditures—dollar figure: $NA

      Military expenditures—percent of GDP: NA%

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: none

      Illicit drugs: over the long-term, considered a relatively minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe and recently, a transshipment point for heroin from Europe to the US; potentially more significant as a drug-money-laundering center

      ======================================================================

      @Arctic Ocean——————

      Geography

      Location: body of water mostly north of the Arctic Circle

      Geographic coordinates: 90 00 N, 0 00 E

      Map references: Arctic Region

      Area:

       total: 14.056 million sq km

       note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea,

       East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara

       Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies

      Area—comparative: slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the

       US; smallest of the world's four oceans (after Pacific Ocean,

       Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean)

      Coastline: 45,389 km

      Climate: polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow

      Terrain: central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonsov Ridge)

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Fram Basin −4,665 m

       highest point: sea level 0 m

      Natural resources: sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits,

       polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals

       (seals and whales)

      Natural hazards: ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually icelocked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May

      Environment—current issues: endangered marine species include

       walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to

       recover from disruptions