The 1990 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Luanda

      Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (provincias,

       singular—provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango,

       Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte,

       Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

      Independence: 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

      Constitution: 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978 and 11 August 1980

      Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law, but being modified along socialist lines

      National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

      Executive branch: president, chairman of the Council of Ministers,

       Council of Ministers (cabinet)

      Legislative branch: unicameral National People's Assembly

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Tribunal da Relacao)

      Leaders:

       Chief of State and Head of Government—President Jose Eduardo dos

       SANTOS (since 21 September 1979)

      Political parties and leaders: only party—Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party (MPLA-Labor Party), Jose Eduardo dos Santos; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), lost to the MPLA with Cuban military support in immediate postindependence struggle, now carrying out insurgency

      Suffrage: universal adult at age NA

      Elections: none held to date

      Member of: ACP, AfDB, CCC, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), ICAO, IFAD, ILO,

       IMO, INTELSAT, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO

      Diplomatic representation: none

      Flag: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)

      - Economy Overview: Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 80–90% of the population, but accounts for only 10–20% of GDP. Oil production is the most lucrative sector of the economy, contributing about 50% to GDP. In recent years, however, the impact of fighting an internal war has severely affected the economy and food has to be imported.

      GDP: $5.0 billion, per capita $600; real growth rate 9.2% (1988 est.)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%

      Unemployment rate: NA%

      Budget: revenues NA; expenditures $2.7 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1986 est.)

      Exports: $2.9 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities—oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton; partners—US, USSR, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil

      Imports: $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities—capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), food, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; substantial military deliveries; partners—US, USSR, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil

      External debt: $3.0 billion (1989)

      Industrial production: growth rate NA%

      Electricity: 506,000 kW capacity; 770 million kWh produced, 90 kWh per capita (1989)

      Industries: petroleum, mining (phosphate rock, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar, textiles, cement, food processing, building construction

      Agriculture: cash crops—coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, tobacco; food crops—cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; disruptions caused by civil war and marketing deficiencies require food imports

      Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–88), $263 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–87), $903 million; Communist countries (1970–88), $1.3 billion

      Currency: kwanza (plural—kwanza); 1 kwanza (Kz) = 100 lwei

      Exchange rates: kwanza (Kz) per US$1—29.62 (fixed rate since 1976)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      - Communications

       Railroads: 3,189 km total; 2,879 km 1.067-meter gauge, 310 km 0.600-meter

       gauge; limited trackage in use because of insurgent attacks; sections of the

       Benguela Railroad closed because of insurgency

      Highways: 73,828 km total; 8,577 km bituminous-surface treatment, 29,350 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth

      Inland waterways: 1,295 km navigable

      Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km

      Ports: Luanda, Lobito, Namibe, Cabinda

      Merchant marine: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 66,348 GRT/102,825 DWT; includes 11 cargo, 1 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker

      Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft

      Airports: 317 total, 184 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 60 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      Telecommunications: fair system of wire, radio relay, and troposcatter routes; high frequency used extensively for military/Cuban links; 40,300 telephones; stations—17 AM, 13 FM, 2 TV; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations

      - Defense Forces

       Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force/Air Defense; paramilitary

       forces—People's Defense Organization and Territorial Troops, Frontier Guard,

       Popular Vigilance Brigades

      Military manpower: males 15–49, 2,049,295; 1,030,868 fit for military service; 90,877 reach military age (18) annually

      Defense expenditures: NA—————————————————————————— Country: Anguilla (dependent territory of the UK) - Geography Total area: 91 km2; land area: 91 km2

      Comparative area: about half the size of Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: none

      Coastline: 61 km

      Maritime claims:

      Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation;

      Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;

      Territorial sea: 3 nm

      Climate: tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds

      Terrain: flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone

      Natural resources: negligible; salt, fish, lobsters

      Land use: NA% arable land; NA% permanent crops; NA% meadows and pastures; NA% forest and woodland; NA% other; mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds

      Environment: frequent hurricanes, other tropical storms (July to October)

      Note: located 270 km east of Puerto Rico

      - People

       Population: 6,883 (July 1990), growth rate 0.6% (1990)

      Birth rate: 24 births/1,000 population (1990)

      Death rate: 9 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

      Net migration rate: - 10 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

      Infant mortality rate: 18 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

      Life expectancy at birth: 71 years male, 76 years female (1990)

      Total fertility rate: 3.1 children born/woman (1990)

      Nationality: noun—Anguillan(s); adjective—Anguillan

      Ethnic