The 2010 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

world: 147

      Urbanization:

      urban population: 66% of total population (2008)

      rate of urbanization: 2.1% annual rate of change (2005–10 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

      under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

      15–64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female

      65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female

      total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 20.26 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 100 male: 23.7 deaths/1,000 live births

      female: 16.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 75.52 years country comparison to the world: 81 male: 72.58 years

      female: 78.6 years (2010 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      2.46 children born/woman (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 92

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      0.3% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 86

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      26,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 73

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      1,400 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 68

      Major infectious diseases:

      degree of risk: high

      food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

      vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria

      water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

      Nationality:

      noun: Ecuadorian(s)

      adjective: Ecuadorian

      Ethnic groups:

      mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish and others 7%, black 3%

      Religions:

      Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%

      Languages:

      Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)

      Literacy:

      definition: age 15 and over can read and write

      total population: 91%

      male: 92.3%

      female: 89.7% (2001 census)

      School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

      total: 14 years

      male: 14 years

      female: 14 years (2008)

      Education expenditures:

      1% of GDP (2001) country comparison to the world: 182

      Government ::Ecuador

      Country name:

      conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador

      conventional short form: Ecuador

      local long form: Republica del Ecuador

      local short form: Ecuador

      Government type:

      republic

      Capital:

      name: Quito

      geographic coordinates: 0 13 S, 78 30 W

      time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)

      Administrative divisions:

      24 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar,

       Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos,

       Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo,

       Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los

       Tsachilas, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe

      Independence:

      24 May 1822 (from Spain)

      National holiday:

      Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809)

      Constitution:

      20 October 2008

      Legal system:

      based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage:

      16 years of age; universal, compulsory for persons ages 18–65, optional for other eligible voters

      Executive branch:

      chief of state: President Rafael CORREA Delgado (since 15 January 2007); Vice President Lenin MORENO Garces (since 15 January 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

      head of government: President Rafael CORREA Delgado (since 15 January 2007); Vice President Lenin MORENO Garces (since 15 January 2007)

      cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president (For more information visit the World Leaders website ) elections: the president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a four-year term and can be re-elected for another consecutive term; election last held on 26 April 2009 (next to be held in 2013)

      election results: President Rafael CORREA Delgado reelected president; percent of vote - Rafael CORREA Delgado 52%; Lucio GUTIERREZ 28.2%; Alvaro NOBOA 11.4%; other 8.4%

      Legislative branch:

      unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (124 seats; members are elected through a party-list proportional representation system to serve four-year terms)

      elections: last held on 26 April 2009 (next to be held in 2013)

      election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PAIS 59, PSP 19, PSC 11, PRIAN 7, MPD 5, PRE 3, other 20; note - defections by members of National Assembly are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties

      Judicial branch:

      National Court of Justice or Corte Nacional de Justicia (according to the Constitution, justices are elected through a procedure overseen by the Judiciary Council); Constitutional Court or Corte Constitucional (Constitutional Court justices are appointed by a commission composed of two delegates each from the Executive, Legislative, and Transparency branches of government)

      Political parties and leaders:

      Alianza PAIS movement [Rafael Vicente CORREA Delgado]; Christian

       Democratic Union or UDC [Luis ACOSTA Moreta]; Democratic Left or ID

       [Dalton BACIGALUPO]; Ethical and Democratic Network or RED [Martha

       ROLDOS]; Institutional Renewal and National Action Party or PRIAN

       [Vicente TAIANO]; Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement - New

       Country or MUPP-NP [Jorge GUAMAN Coronel]; Patriotic Society Party

       or PSP [Lucio GUTIERREZ Borbua]; Popular Democratic Movement or MPD

       [Luis VILLACIS]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Pulley,

       director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Pascual DEL CIOPPO];

       Socialist Party - Broad Front or PS-FA [Silvia