The 2010 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

(2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 32

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      110,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 44

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      11,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 31

      Major infectious diseases:

      degree of risk: very high

      food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

      vectorborne disease: malaria

      water contact disease: schistosomiasis

      animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

      Nationality:

      noun: Burundian(s)

      adjective: Burundian

      Ethnic groups:

      Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000

      Religions:

      Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%

      Languages:

      Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake

       Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

      Literacy:

      definition: age 15 and over can read and write

      total population: 59.3%

      male: 67.3%

      female: 52.2% (2000 est.)

      School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

      total: 10 years

      male: 9 years

      female: 7 years (2008)

      Education expenditures:

      7.2% of GDP (2008) country comparison to the world: 17

      Government ::Burundi

      Country name:

      conventional long form: Republic of Burundi

      conventional short form: Burundi

      local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi

      local short form: Burundi

      former: Urundi

      Government type:

      republic

      Capital:

      name: Bujumbura

      geographic coordinates: 3 22 S, 29 21 E

      time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

      Administrative divisions:

      17 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi

      Independence:

      1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

      National holiday:

      Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

      Constitution:

      ratified by popular referendum 28 February 2005

      Legal system:

      based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage:

      18 years of age; universal (adult)

      Executive branch:

      chief of state: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA - Hutu (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Therence SINUNGURUZA - Tutsi (since 29 August 2010); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI - Hutu (since 29 August 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

      head of government: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA - Hutu (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Therence SINUNGURUZA - Tutsi (since 29 August 2010); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI - Hutu (since 29 August 2010)

      cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president (For more information visit the World Leaders website ) elections: the president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); note - the constitution adopted in February 2005 permited the post-transition president to be elected by a two-thirds majority of the parliament; elections last held 28 June 2010 (next to be held in 2015); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by parliament

      election results: Pierre NKURUNZIZA elected president by popular vote; Pierre NKURUNZIZA 91.6%, other 8.4%; note - opposition parties withdrew from the election due to alleged government interference in the electoral process

      Legislative branch:

      bicameral Parliament or Parlement, consists of a Senate (54 seats; 34 members elected by indirect vote to serve five-year terms, with remaining seats assigned to ethnic groups and former chiefs of state) and a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (minimum 100 seats, 60% Hutu and 40% Tutsi with at least 30% being women; additional seats appointed by a National Independent Electoral Commission to ensure ethnic representation; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

      elections: Senate - last held on 23 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015); National Assembly - last held on 23 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015)

      election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - TBD; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD 81.2%, UPRONA 11.6%, FRODEBU 5.9%, others 1.3%; seats by party - CNDD 81, UPRONA 17, FRODEBU 5, other 3

      Judicial branch:

      Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; High Court of

       Justice (composed of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court)

      Political parties and leaders:

      governing parties: Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Jeremie NGENDAKUMANA]; Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Bonaventure NIYOYANKANA]

      note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA]; National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]

      Political pressure groups and leaders:

      Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC [Pacifique

       NININAHAZWE] (civil society umbrella organization); Observatoire de

       lutte contre la corruption et les malversations economiques or

       OLUCOME [Gabriel RUFYIRI] (anti-corruption pressure group)

      other: Hutu and Tutsi militias (loosely organized)

      International organization participation:

      ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,

       ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM,

       IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID,

       UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

      Diplomatic representation in the US:

      chief of mission: Ambassador Angele NIYUHIRE

      chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007

      telephone: [1] (202) 342–2574