The 1997 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

type: transitional government, nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system

      National capital: Luanda

      Administrative divisions: 18 provinces (provincias, singular -

       provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza

       Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda

       Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

      Independence: 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

      Constitution: 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992

      Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch: chief of state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979) head of government: Prime Minister Fernando Jose de Franca Vieira Dias VAN DUNEM (since 8 June 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: President DOS SANTOS originally elected without opposition under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections in 28–29 September 1992, the last elections to be held, (next to be held NA); prime minister appointed by the president and answerable to the Assembly election results: DOS SANTOS received 49.6% of the total vote, making a run-off election necessary between him and second-place Jonas SAVIMBI; the run-off was not held and SAVIMBI's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) disputed the results of the first election; the civil war was resumed

      Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (223 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 29–30 September 1992 (next to be held NA) election results : percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%, others 12%; seats by party - NA

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao, judges of the

       Supreme Court are appointed by the president

      Political parties and leaders: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS], is the ruling party and has been in power since 1975; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Jonas SAVIMBI], is the largest opposition party and engaged in years of armed resistance to the government note: about a dozen minor parties participated in the 1992 elections but won few seats and have little influence in the National Assembly

      Political pressure groups and leaders: Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC note: FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province

      International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC

       (observer), ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,

       ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer),

       OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,

       WToO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Antonio dos Santos FRANCA "N'dalu" chancery: 1050 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 760, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 785–1156 FAX : [1] (202) 785–1258

      Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Donald K. STEINBERG embassy: No. 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne, Miramar, Luanda mailing address: C.P. 6484, Luanda; American Embassy, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521–2550 (pouch) telephone : [244] (2) 345–481, 346–418 FAX: [244] (2) 346–924

      Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)

      Economy

      Economy - overview: Angola is an economy in disarray. Despite its abundant natural resources, output per capita is among the world's lowest. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 80%-90% of the population but accounts for about 12% of GDP. Oil production and the supporting activities are vital to the economy, contributing about 50% to GDP. Notwithstanding the signing of a peace accord in November 1994, sporadic violence continues, millions of land mines remain, and many farmers are reluctant to return to their fields. As a result, much of the country's food must still be imported. To take advantage of its rich resources - notably gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, arable land, and large oil deposits - Angola will need to observe the cease-fire, implement the peace agreement, and reform government policies. Despite the high inflation and political difficulties, total output grew an estimated 9% in 1996, largely due to increased oil production.

      GDP: purchasing power parity - $8.3 billion (1996 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate: 9% (1996 est.)

      GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $800 (1996 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 12% industry: 56% services: 32% (1994 est.)

      Inflation rate - consumer price index: 1,700% (1996 est.)

      Labor force: total: 2.783 million economically active by occupation: agriculture 85%, industry 15% (1985 est.)

      Unemployment rate: extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (1994 est.)

      Budget: revenues: $928 million expenditures: $2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $963 million (1992 est.)

      Industries: petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco products; sugar; textiles;

      Industrial production growth rate: NA%

      Electricity - capacity: 620,000 kW (1994)

      Electricity - production: 1.82 billion kWh (1994)

      Electricity - consumption per capita: 171 kWh (1995 est.)

      Agriculture - products: bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish

      Exports: total value: $4 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.) commodities: crude oil 90%, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton partners: US 70%, EU

      Imports: total value : $1.7 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.) commodities: capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles and clothing; substantial military supplies partners : Portugal, Brazil, US, France, Spain

      Debt - external: $12.5 billion (1996 est.)

      Economic aid: recipient: ODA, $451 million (1994)

      Currency: 1 new kwanza (NKz) = 100 lwei

      Exchange rates: new kwanza (NKz) per US$1 - 201,994 (November 1996), 900,000 (25 April 1995), 600,000 (10 January 1995), 90,000 (1 June 1994), 7,000 (16 December 1993), 3.884 (July 1993), 550 (April 1992) note: black market rates - new Kwanza (NKz) per US$1 - 1,900,000 (6 April 1995), 180,000 (1 June 1994), 50,000 (16 December 1993)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      @Angola:Communications

      Telephones: 78,000 (1991 est.)

      Telephone system: telephone service limited mostly to government and business use; HF radiotelephone used extensively for military links domestic: limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 17, FM 13, shortwave 0

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 6

      Televisions: