The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

(2002 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 52% industry: 11% services: 37% (2001 est.)

      Population below poverty line:

       45% (2002 est.)

      Household income or consumption by percentage share:

       lowest 10%: 3%

       highest 10%: 33.7% (1995)

      Distribution of family income - Gini index:

       40 (1995)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       4% (2003 est.)

      Labor force:

       NA

      Labor force - by occupation:

       agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and services 12%,

       industry and construction 8% (1985)

      Unemployment rate:

       NA%

      Budget:

       revenues: $1.8 billion

       expenditures: $1.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $600

       million (2002 est.)

      Industries:

       food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing,

       cement

      Industrial production growth rate:

       6.7% (2001 est.)

      Electricity - production:

       1.713 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 1.3% hydro: 97.6% other: 1.2% (2001) nuclear: 0%

      Electricity - consumption:

       1.594 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - exports:

       0 kWh (2001)

      Electricity - imports:

       0 kWh (2001)

      Oil - production:

       0 bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - consumption:

       23,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - exports:

       NA (2001)

      Oil - imports:

       NA (2001)

      Oil - proved reserves:

       214,000 bbl (37257)

      Natural gas - proved reserves:

       12.46 billion cu m (37257)

      Agriculture - products: cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, sugarcane, potatoes, qat; hides, cattle, sheep, goats

      Exports:

       $433 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)

      Exports - commodities:

       coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds

      Exports - partners:

       UK 16.2%, Djibouti 10.9%, Germany 7.6%, Italy 7.2%, Japan 6.7%,

       Saudi Arabia 6.5%, US 4.4% (2002)

      Imports:

       $1.63 billion f.o.b. (2001)

      Imports - commodities:

       food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals,

       machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles

      Imports - partners:

       Saudi Arabia 28.7%, China 6%, Italy 5.9%, India 4.8%, Germany 4.1%

       (2002)

      Debt - external:

       $5.3 billion (2001 est.)

      Economic aid - recipient:

       $308 million (FY00/01)

      Currency:

       birr (ETB)

      Currency code:

       ETB

      Exchange rates:

       birr per US dollar - NA (2002), 8.46 (2001), 8.22 (2000), 7.94

       (1999), 7.12 (1998)

       note: since 24 October 2001 exchange rates are determined on a daily

       basis via interbank transactions regulated by the Central Bank

      Fiscal year:

       8 July - 7 July

      Communications Ethiopia

      Telephones - main lines in use:

       231,900 (2000)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       17,800 (2000)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: open-wire and microwave radio relay system;

       adequate for government use

       domestic: open-wire; microwave radio relay; radio communication in

       the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; two domestic satellites provide

       the national trunk service

       international: open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio

       relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat

       (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 8, FM 0, shortwave 1 (2001)

      Radios:

       15.2 million (2002)

      Television broadcast stations:

       1 plus 24 repeaters (2002)

      Televisions:

       682,000 (2002)

      Internet country code:

       .et

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       1 (2002)

      Internet users:

       20,000 (2002)

      Transportation Ethiopia

      Railways:

       total: 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti

       railroad)

       narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge

       note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia (2002)

      Highways: total: 31,571 km paved: 3,789 km unpaved: 27,782 km (2000)

      Waterways:

       none

      Ports and harbors:

       none; Ethiopia is landlocked and was by agreement with Eritrea

       using the ports of Assab and Massawa; since the border dispute with

       Eritrea flared, Ethiopia has used the port of Djibouti for nearly

       all of its imports

      Merchant marine:

       total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 81,933 GRT/101,287 DWT

       ships by type: cargo 5, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll

       on/roll off 2 (2002 est.)

      Airports:

       83 (2002)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 14 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 69 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 32 under 914 m: 21 (2002)

      Military Ethiopia

      Military branches:

       Ethiopian