The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

code:

       CNY

      Exchange rates:

       yuan per US dollar - 8.28 (2002), 8.28 (2001), 8.28 (2000), 8.28

       (1999), 8.28 (1998)

      Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      Communications China

      Telephones - main lines in use:

       135 million (2000)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       65 million (January 2001)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: domestic and international services are

       increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed

       domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and

       many towns

       domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular

       telephone systems have been installed; a domestic satellite system

       with 55 earth stations is in place

       international: satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific

       Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and

       1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions); several international

       fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Russia, and

       Germany (2000)

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 369, FM 259, shortwave 45 (1998)

      Radios:

       417 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations: 3,240 (of which 209 are operated by China Central Television, 31 are provincial TV stations and nearly 3,000 are local city stations) (1997)

      Televisions:

       400 million (1997)

      Internet country code:

       .cn

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       3 (2000)

      Internet users:

       45.8 million (2002)

      Transportation China

      Railways:

       total: 71,600 km

       standard gauge: 68,000 km 1.435-m gauge (14,600 km electrified)

       narrow gauge: 3,600 km 1.000-m and 0.750-m gauge local industrial

       lines (2002)

      Highways:

       total: 1,402,698 km

       paved: 314,204 km (with at least 16,314 km of expressways)

       unpaved: 1,088,494 km (2000)

      Waterways:

       110,000 km (1999)

      Pipelines:

       gas 13,845 km; oil 15,143 km; refined products 3,280 km (2003)

      Ports and harbors:

       Dalian, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Haikou, Huangpu, Lianyungang, Nanjing,

       Nantong, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shantou, Shenzhen,

       Tianjin, Wenzhou, Xiamen, Xingang, Yantai, Zhanjiang (2001)

      Merchant marine:

       total: 1,817 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 18,047,962 GRT/27,035,740 DWT

       ships by type: barge carrier 2, bulk 348, cargo 824, chemical tanker

       28, combination bulk 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 150,

       liquefied gas 28, multi-functional large-load carrier 6, passenger

       6, passenger/cargo 47, petroleum tanker 267, refrigerated cargo 26,

       roll on/roll off 21, short-sea passenger 42, specialized tanker 8,

       vehicle carrier 2

       note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of

       convenience: Croatia 1, Germany 1, Hong Kong 16, Japan 2, Panama 2,

       South Korea 1, Spain 1, Taiwan 9, Tanzania 1, Turkey 1 (2002 est.)

      Airports:

       500 (2002)

      Airports - with paved runways:

       total: 351

       over 3,047 m: 32

       2,438 to 3,047 m: 108

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 143

       914 to 1,523 m: 29

       under 914 m: 39 (2002)

      Airports - with unpaved runways:

       total: 149

       over 3,047 m: 4

       2,438 to 3,047 m: 1

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 25

       914 to 1,523 m: 48

       under 914 m: 71 (2002)

      Military China

      Military branches:

       People's Liberation Army (PLA): comprises ground forces, Navy

       (including naval infantry and naval aviation), Air Force, and II

       Artillery Corps (strategic missile force), People's Armed Police

       Force (internal security troops, nominally a state security body but

       included by the Chinese as part of the "armed forces" and considered

       to be an adjunct to the PLA), militia

      Military manpower - military age:

       18 years of age (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - availability:

       males age 15–49: 375,520,255 (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 206 million (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually:

       males: 10,973,761 (2003 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $55.91 billion (FY02)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       4.3% (FY02)

      Transnational Issues China

      Disputes - international:

       involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with Malaysia,

       Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; claimants in

       November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in

       the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension but which fell

       short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; much of the rugged,

       militarized boundary with India is in dispute, but the two sides

       have participated in more than 13 rounds of joint working group

       sessions on this issue; India objects to Pakistan ceding lands to

       China in 1965 boundary agreement that India believes are part of

       disputed Kashmir; China, as well as Taiwan, claims

       Japanese-administered Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) islands;

       negotiations with Tajikistan resolved the longstanding boundary

       dispute; China and Kazakhstan have resolved their border dispute and

       are working to delimit their large open borders to control

       population migration, illegal activities, and trade;