Finding Jesus in the Storm. John Swinton

CA: Stanford University Press, 1986), 230.

5. Clifford Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973), 33–55.

6. Erving Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963), 3.

7. Goffman, Stigma, 3.

8. Goffman, Stigma, 3.

9. T. M. Luhrmann and Jocelyn Marrow, eds., Our Most Troubling Madness: Case Studies in Schizophrenia across Cultures (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2016), 27.

10. Wang, The Collected Schizophrenias, Kindle locations 225–227.

11. Karl Jaspers, General Psychopathology, trans. J. Hoenig and M. W. Hamilton, 7th ed. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1963).

12. A. Sims, Symptoms in the Mind: An Introduction to Descriptive Psychopathology, 3rd ed. (Edinburgh: Saunders, 2003).

13. Andrew Sims, “Is Faith Delusion?,” 2007, accessed October 28, 2019, https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/members/sigs/spirituality-spsig/is-faith-delusion-andrew-sims-editedx.pdf?sfvrsn=59a019c0_2.

14. A. C. P. Sims, “Symptoms and Beliefs,” Journal of the Royal Society of Health 112, no. 1 (1992): 42–46.

15. World Health Organization, “The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines,” accessed October 28, 2019, https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf?ua=1.

16. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013).

17. World Health Organization, “International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Information Sheet,” accessed October 28, 2019, https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/.

18. World Health Organization, “The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research” (Geneva: World Health Organization, 1993), https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/GRNBOOK.pdf?ua=1.

19. M. First, “Harmonisation of ICD-11 and DSM-V: Opportunities and Challenges,” British Journal of Psychiatry 195, no. 5 (1999): 382–90.

20. Ian Hacking, “Lost in the Forest,” London Review of Books 35, no. 15 (August 8, 2013): 7–8, https://www.lrb.co.uk/v35/n15/ian-hacking/lost-in-the-forest.

21. For a fascinating insight into how this way of interpreting mental health issues is becoming globalized, see Ethan Watters, Crazy like Us: The Globalization of the Western Mind (New York: Little, Brown, 2011).

22. Hacking, “Lost in the Forest,” 2.

23. Hacking, “Lost in the Forest,” 1.

24. Wang, The Collected Schizophrenias, Kindle locations 183–184.

25. Ian Hacking, “Making Up People,” in Reconstructing Individualism: Autonomy, Individuality, and the Self in Western Thought, ed. T. Heller (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1986), 99–114 (emphasis added). The interior quotation is from Arnold Davidson, “Closing Up the Corpses,” in Meaning and Method, ed. G. Boolos (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 24.

26. D. C. Haldeman, “Gay Rights, Patient Rights: The Implications of Sexual Orientation Conversion Therapy,” Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 33, no. 3 (2002): 260–64.

27. I am aware and a little concerned that my usage of the term “homosexuality” may be problematic. The LGBTQ community tends to avoid the term “homosexuality,” preferring to use the description “those attracted to the same sex.” I acknowledge the importance of this linguistic change while also noting that this is a useful example of the way we create and re-create people in line with the politics and expectations of the moment.

28. Sarah Baughey-Gill, “When Gay Was Not Okay with the APA: A Historical Overview of Homosexuality and Its Status as Mental Disorder,” Occam’s Razor 1, no. 2 (2002): 5–16.

29. “Asperger Syndrome,” National Autistic Society, accessed October 28, 2018, https://www.autism.org.uk/about/what-is/asperger.aspx.

30. Linda Federico-O’Murchu, “Farewell to Aspies: Some Families Reluctant to Let Go of Asperger’s Diagnosis,” Today, January 4, 2013, https://www.today.com/parents/farewell-aspies-some-families-reluctant-let-go-aspergers-diagnosis-1B7821891.

31. Federico-O’Murchu, “Farewell to Aspies.”

32. Nick O. Haslam, “Natural Kinds, Human Kinds, and Essentialism,” Social Research 65, no. 2 (Summer 1998): 291–314.

33. Thomas Insel, “Transforming Diagnosis,” National Institute of Mental Health, April 29, 2013, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/directors/thomas-insel/blog/2013/transforming-diagnosis.shtml.