Basketball. Koon Teck Koh

any part of the baseline of their opponent’s basket (within 5 seconds upon holding the ball).

Free Throw or Foul Shots

      A player committed a foul while trying to stop his opponent from scoring a field goal illegally. Under such situation, two/three free throws will be awarded to the opponent to be taken behind the free throw line. Only the player who was fouled can take the shots (however, if the player who was fouled cannot attempt the free throw(s) due to injury, the substitution for him shall attempt the free throw(s) on his behalf). Each foul shot is worth one point. If the last shot taken is missed, the game continues as if the player had taken shot in normal play. If the last free throw is scored, the opposing team will start the play from behind the baseline.

Fouls

      Deliberate contact to disrupt an opposition player is called a personal foul. Generally, (1) the first player to establish position on the court has priority to that position, (2) a body part cannot be extended into the path of an opponent, and (3) the player who moves into the opponent’s path and created a contact is illegal.

      Each personal foul will contribute to a team foul. In a regular game, if a team accumulated four team fouls in a quarter, two free throws will be awarded to the opposition team for the subsequent foul(s) committed.

      In a 40-minute game, a player can accumulate up to five personal fouls before being disqualified (fouled out) from the game. A substitute is allowed to replace the player who fouled out of the game. A player shall be disqualified for the remainder of the game when he is charged with 2 technical fouls, or 2 unsportsmanlike fouls, or with 1 unsportsmanlike foul and 1 technical foul.

Substitutions

      Substitution can be made in the following instances:

      1.any time a foul is called,

      2.any time the team has sideline possession,

      3.a jump ball,

      4.at time-outs,

      5.when the opposition substitutes on their sideline possession,

      6.if a player is injured,

      7.half-time or quarter time.

Time-outs

      A coach can call two time-outs during first half and three time-outs during the second half of a 40-minute game. Unused time-outs may not be carried over to the next half or overtime. A time-out can be requested by the coach from the scorer’s table any time the referee blows the whistle or when the opposition scores a basket. One minute is allowed for a time-out.

      Each team may be granted:

      1.Two time-outs during the first half.

      2.Three time-outs during the second half with a maximum of two of these time-outs when the game clock shows 2:00 minutes or less in the fourth quarter.

      3.One time-out during each overtime.

Inbound the Ball

      Whenever the play is stopped due to a violation, foul or ball landed outside the court, the team getting the ball throws it inbounds (restart the play) behind the line of the court nearest to where the violation occurred. When a team scores a basket, the opposing team inbounds the ball from anywhere behind the baseline.

Travelling

      A player in possession of the ball must keep one foot intact on the floor, unless he is dribbling, passing or shooting. This foot is usually the first foot that landed on the floor after catching a mid-air ball. It is also a pivot foot.

      If landed on both feet at the same time, a player can decide the pivot. If the player moves the pivot foot off the floor, he is not allowed to dribble. He can only pass or shoot the ball before returning the pivot foot back to the ground. Any of these infringement would mean that he has committed a travelling violation.

Double Dribble

      A player uses passing or dribbling skills to advance the ball forward for attack. If he dribbles the ball and picks it up with both hands (or at any point of time while dribbling, the ball rest is seen rested on the hand), he is not allowed to dribble the ball again beside passing or shooting. Otherwise, a violation called “double dribble” will be imposed against him and opposition takes the ball from the nearest side or baseline and change possession.

Back Court

      The offensive team has to advance the ball to the front court (attacking end) and attempts to make a shot within 24 seconds of the shot clock. Once the ball is past the half-way line to the front court, it cannot be passed back to defensive end (back court), otherwise, the team is said to have violated the “back court” rule, resulting in a change of possession at the side line nearer to where the violation is committed.

      Officiating (Taken from www.fiba.com)