The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Эдвард Гиббон

p. 1163, reckons them somewhat differently.

       ^{Ref. 178}

      See the speech of Marius, in the Augustan History, p. 187 [xxiv. 7]. The accidental identity of names was the only circumstance that could tempt Pollio to imitate Sallust.

       ^{Ref. 179}

      Vos O Pompilius sanguis! is Horace’s address to the Pisos. See Art. Poet. v. 292, with Dacier’s and Sanadon’s notes.

       ^{Ref. 180}

      Tacit. Annal. xv. 48, Hist. i. 15. In the former of these passages we may venture to change paterna into materna. In every generation from Augustus to Alexander Severus, one or more Pisos appear as consuls. A Piso was deemed worthy of the throne by Augustus (Tacit. Annal. i. 13). A second headed a formidable conspiracy against Nero; and a third was adopted, and declared Cæsar by Galba.

       ^{Ref. 181}

      Hist. August. p. 195 [xxiv. 20]. The senate, in a moment of enthusiasm, seems to have presumed on the approbation of Gallienus.

       ^{Ref. 182}

      Hist. August. p. 196 [xxiv. 22].

       ^{Ref. 183}

      The association of the brave Palmyrenian was the most popular act of the whole reign of Gallienus. Hist. August. p. 180 [xxiii. 12, 1. The statement is certainly erroneous. See Appendix 5.]

       ^{Ref. 184}

      Gallienus had given the titles of Cæsar and Augustus to his son Saloninus, slain at Cologne by the usurper Posthumus. A second son of Gallienus succeeded to the name and rank of his elder brother. Valerian, the brother of Gallienus, was also associated to the empire: several other brothers, sisters, nephews, and nieces of the emperor formed a very numerous royal family. See Tillemont, tom. iii. and M. de Brequigny in the Mémoires de l’Académie, tom. xxxii. p. 262.

       ^{Ref. 185}

      Hist. August. p. 188 [xxiv. 8].

       ^{Ref. 186}

      Regillianus had some bands of Roxolani in his service; Posthumus a body of Franks. It was perhaps in the character of auxiliaries that the latter introduced themselves into Spain.

       ^{Ref. 187}

      The Augustan History, p. 177 [xxiii. 4], calls it servile bellum. See Diodor. Sicul. l. xxxiv.

       ^{Ref. 188}

      Plin. Hist. Natur. v. 10.

       ^{Ref. 189}

      Diodor. Sicul. l. xvii. p. 590. Edit. Wesseling .

       ^{Ref. 190}

      [The original text omits, presumably by accident, after again. Ed.]

       ^{Ref. 191}

      See a very curious letter of Hadrian in the Augustan History, p. 245 [xxix. 8. Cp. Student’s Roman Empire, p. 520.]

       ^{Ref. 192}

      Such as the sacrilegious murder of a divine cat. See Diodor. Sicul. l. 1.

       ^{Ref. 193}

      Hist. August. p. 195. This long and terrible sedition was first occasioned by a dispute between a soldier and a townsman about a pair of shoes. [Compare the description of Mommsen, Röm. Gesch. v. 582 sqq.]

       ^{Ref. 194}

      Dionysius apud Euseb. Hist. Eccles. vol. vii. p. [leg. c.] 21. Ammian. xxii. 16.

       ^{Ref. 195}

      Scaliger Animadver. ad Euseb. Chron. p. 258. Three dissertations of M. Bonamy, in the Mém. de l’Académie, tom. ix.

       ^{Ref. 196}

      Strabo, l. xii. p. 569.

       ^{Ref. 197}

      Hist. August. p. 197 [xxiv. 25].

       ^{Ref. 198}

      See Cellarius, Geog. Antiq. tom. ii. p. 137, upon the limits of Isauria.

       ^{Ref. 199}

      Hist. August. p. 177 [xxiii. 5].

       ^{Ref. 200}

      Ibid. [ib.]. Zosimus, l. i. p. 24 . Zonaras, l. xii. p. 623 . Euseb. Chronicon. Victor in Epitom. Victor in Cæsar. . Eutropius, ix. 5. Orosius, vii. 21. [One of the most significant proofs of the distress of the empire in the reign of Gallienus is the bankruptcy of the government, which resorted to the old expedient of shameless depreciation of the coinage. At the end of his reign the argenteus was merely a coin of base metal washed over with silver. See Finlay, History of Greece, ed. Tozer, vol. 1. Appendix ii.]

       ^{Ref. 201}

      Euseb. Hist. Eccles. vii. 21. The fact is taken from the Letters of Dionysius, who in the time of those troubles was bishop of Alexandria.

       ^{Ref. 202}

      In a great number of parishes 11,000 persons were found between fourteen and eighty; 5365 between forty and seventy. See Buffon, Histoire Naturelle, tom. ii. p. 590.