Bio-Based Epoxy Polymers, Blends, and Composites. Группа авторов

as the cationic photoinitiators.Figure 1.8 Structure of vernolic acid methyl ester and product of its reacti...Figure 1.9 Structure of norbornyl epoxidized linseed oil.Figure 1.10 Structure of epoxidized cyclohexene‐derivatized linseed oil.Figure 1.11 Simplified structure of softwood lignin (including three monolig...Figure 1.12 Summary of the main strategies for lignin conversion [49, 55].Figure 1.13 Cured epoxy resins from lignin hydrogenolysis products.Figure 1.14 Synthesis of lignin‐based epoxy and epoxy asphalt.Figure 1.15 Schematic routes of lignin modification and crosslinking: (a) ep...Figure 1.16 Route of the synthesis epoxy monomers from selectively hydrodeox...Figure 1.17 Lignin modification and cross‐linking: (a) ozone oxidation of Kr...Figure 1.18 Chemical structures of (a) vanillin and its naturally occurring ...Figure 1.19 Synthesis of vanillin from guaiacol.Figure 1.20 Synthesis of vanillin from guaiacol using glyoxylic acid.Figure 1.21 Synthesis of vanillin from eugenol.Figure 1.22 Schematic illustration of possible synthesis pathways (a) and (b...Figure 1.23 Synthesis of 2‐methoxyhydroquinone and its epoxy derivatives ‐ s...Figure 1.24 The O‐alkylation of vanillin derivatives (a), followed by the ep...Figure 1.25 Esterification of vanillic acid, followed by the O‐alkylat...Figure 1.26 Synthesis of glycidyl derivatives (b) based on the product of va...Figure 1.27 Synthesis of hydrovanilloin and the epoxy resin based on this va...Figure 1.28 Synthesis of 2,5‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)cyclopentano...Figure 1.29 Synthesis of the vanillin coupling product (a) and the flame‐ret...Figure 1.30 The coupling of vanillin with pentaerythritol and synthesis of t...Figure 1.31 Schematic illustration of components of CNSL.Figure 1.32 Synthesis of NC‐514.Figure 1.33 Reactive sides of cardanol.Figure 1.34 Chemical transformation of cardanol.Figure 1.35 Synthesis of carboxyl functional cardanol and structures of the ...Figure 1.36 Chemical structure of cardanol NC‐514.Figure 1.37 Epoxy reactants: epoxidized isosorbide and polyglycidyl ether of...Figure 1.38 Chemical structure of DOPO.Figure 1.39 Synthesis of PTCP.Figure 1.40 Chemical structures of isosorbide.Figure 1.41 Schematic reaction pathway for the production of bio‐based isoso...Figure 1.42 Possible reaction pathways for the synthesis of the diepoxide de...Figure 1.43 Structure of isosorbide‐based epoxy resins.Figure 1.44 Synthetic route of diallyl isosorbide and isosorbide diglycidyl ...Figure 1.45 Synthesis of isosorbide diglycidyl ether using 4‐allyoxybenzoly ...Figure 1.46 Formation of plant terpenes.Figure 1.47 Outline of the biosynthetic pathway leading to the major monoter...Figure 1.48 Isomerization and oxidation processes for converting pinenes int...Figure 1.49 Mechanism of the cationic polymerization of β‐pinene.Figure 1.50 Chemical structures of TME, TME‐based emulsifier, and aliphatic ...Figure 1.51 Preparation of T‐PABA and T‐PABA dispersion.Figure 1.52 Synthesis of epoxy resins starting from naphthol and limonene.Figure 1.53 Synthetic route to a rosin‐based siloxane epoxy monomer (AESE)....Figure 1.54 Synthesis of C₂₁ cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids and reactive ...Figure 1.55 Scheme of soybean oil functionalization with thioglycolic acid....Figure 1.56 Synthesis of a polyamine cross‐linking agent via thiol‐ene react...Figure 1.57 Synthesis of carboxylic acid from lignin.Figure 1.58 The curing of epoxy resin using aminated lignin as a curing agen...Figure 1.59 Preparation of partially depolymerized lignin (PDL) and lignin p...Figure 1.60 Scheme of preparation cross‐linked epoxy resin.Figure 1.61 Scheme of epoxy resin by cross‐linking LSGLYPA with a mixture of...Figure 1.62 Synthesis of dihydroxyaminopropane of 2‐methoxyhydroquinone (a) ...Figure 1.63 Synthesis of the cardanol‐based novolacs.Figure 1.64 Synthesis of the isosorbide‐based cross‐linking agent.Figure 1.65 Synthesis of the isosorbide‐based cross‐linking agent via cyanoe...Figure 1.66 Synthesis of bio‐based epoxy curing agent derived from myrcene a...

      2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 The classification of fibers [5].Figure 2.2 Chemical structure of (a) meta‐aramid and (b) para‐aramid fibers....Figure 2.3 (a) Structure of LDPE