Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams. Anil K. Chopra

1.1.1 Koyna Dam, India, constructed during 1954–1963; this dam is 103...Figure 1.1.2 Cross section of Koyna Dam showing water level during 1967 eart...Figure 1.1.3 Hsinfengkiang Dam, China. Completed in 1959, this dam is 105 m ...Figure 1.1.4 Cracking in Hsinfengkiang Dam, China, due to earthquake on Marc...Figure 1.1.5 Lower Crystal Springs Dam, California, USA. Built in 1888, this...Figure 1.1.6 Section view of the Lower Crystal Springs Dam (adapted from Nus...Figure 1.1.7 Pacoima Dam, California, USA. Completed in 1929, this dam is 11...Figure 1.1.8 Two‐inch separation between Pacoima Dam Arch (left) and the thr...Figure 1.1.9 Crack at the joint between the Pacoima Dam arch and the thrust ...Figure 1.1.10 Shih‐Kang Dam, Taiwan, (a) before and after the Chi‐Chi earthq...Figure 1.2.1 Olivenhain Dam, California, USA. Completed in 2003, this is a 3...Figure 1.2.2 Morrow Point Dam, Colorado, USA, a 465‐ft‐high single‐centered ...Figure 1.3.1 Maximum principal stresses in Koyna Dam at selected time instan...Figure 1.3.2 Comparison of uniform hazard spectrum and seismic coefficient f...Figure 1.3.3 Distribution of seismic coefficients over dam height in traditi...Figure 1.4.1 Distribution of seismic coefficients over the dam surface in th...Figure 1.6.1 Standard finite‐element analysis model with rigid, wave‐reflect...Figure 1.6.2 A popular finite‐element model that assumes foundation to have ...Figure 1.7.1 Gravity dam–water–foundation system.Figure 1.7.2 Arch dam–water–foundation system.Figure 1.7.3 Finite‐element model of a dam–water–foundation system with wave...

      2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1.1 Dam–water system.Figure 2.3.1 Acceleration excitations causing hydrodynamic pressures on the ...Figure 2.3.2 Hydrodynamic force on rigid dam due to horizontal ground accele...Figure 2.3.3 Hydrodynamic force on rigid dam due to vertical ground accelera...Figure 2.3.4 Body of water, assumed to be incompressible, moving with a rigi...Figure 2.5.1 Dam response to harmonic horizontal ground motion; frequency ra...Figure 2.5.2 Dam response to harmonic vertical ground motion; frequency rati...Figure 2.5.3 Dam response to harmonic horizontal ground motion; frequency ra...Figure 2.5.4 Dam response to harmonic vertical ground motion; frequency rati...Figure 2.5.5 Influence of frequency ratio, Ω_r, on dam response to harmo...Figure 2.5.6 Influence of frequency ratio, Ω_r, on dam response to harmo...Figure 2.5.7 Influence of frequency ratio, Ω_r, on dam response to harmo...Figure 2.5.8 Influence of frequency ratio, Ω_r, on dam response to harmo...Figure 2.6.1 Comparison of exact and equivalent SDF system response of dams ...Figure 2.6.2 Comparison of exact and approximate (equivalent SDF system) val...Figure 2.6.3 Added damping ratio ζ_r due to dam–water interaction and re...Figure 2.6.4 Damping ratio

of the equivalent SDF system representing dams ...

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1.1 Dam–water–foundation system.Figure 3.1.2 Effect of rigid base assumption on response of dams including d...Figure 3.2.1 Displaced configuration of dam with rigid base supported on fle...Figure 3.2.2 Horizontal, rocking, and coupling dynamic stiffness functions K...Figure 3.3.1 Influence of dam–foundation interaction on dam response to hori...Figure 3.3.2 Effect of coupling term in foundation stiffness matrix on respo...Figure 3.3.3 Influence of foundation model on dam response to horizontal gro...Figure 3.4.1 Comparison of exact and equivalent SDF system responses of dams...Figure 3.4.2 Comparison of exact and approximate (equivalent SDF system) val...Figure 3.4.3 Added damping ratio ζ_f due to dam–foundation interaction f...Figure 3.4.4 Damping ratio

of the equivalent SDF system representing dam–f...Figure 3.5.1 Comparison of exact and equivalent SDF system responses of dam–...

      4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1.1 Real (Re) and imaginary (Im) valued components of equivalent la...Figure 4.2.1 Standard values for hydrodynamic pressure function

.Figure 4.4.1 (a) Comparison of standard vibration period and mode shape with...Figure 4.4.2 Standard values for period‐lengthening ratio R_r, and added damp...Figure 4.4.3 Standard values for period‐lengthening ratio R_f and added dampi...Figure 4.4.4 Standard values for the hydrodynamic pressure function

for fu...Figure 4.7.1 Tallest, non‐overflow monolith of Pine Flat Dam.Figure 4.7.2 Median response spectrum for 58 ground motions; ζ = 0, 2, ...Figure 4.7.3 Equivalent static lateral forces, f₁ and f_sc in kips per foot h...Figure 4.7.4 Comparison of vertical stresses computed in the RSA procedure b...Figure 4.7.5 Comparison of peak values of maximum principal stresses compute...Figure 4.7.6 Spectral accelerations at the first five natural vibration peri...

      5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1.1 Pine Flat Dam, near Fresno, California.Figure 5.1.2 Olivenhain Dam, Escondido, California.Figure 5.1.3 Dam–water–foundation system.Figure 5.2.1 Substructure representation of the dam–water–foundation system....Figure 5.3.1 Definition of

, the ijth element of the dynamic stiffness matr...Figure A5.1.1 Effects of water–foundation interaction on frequency response ...Figure A5.1.2 Effects of water–foundation interaction on earthquake response...Figure A5.2.1 Frequency response functions for dam with