Portrait of Mass Murder. Welby Thomas Cox, Jr.

de flints yer can fend, an' 'ang up al' de deer's 'orns. dees are de only things whaich 'ill make an impression on 'is body, whaich is made av flint.’ havin' received dees instrucshuns, de young indian tuk 'is leave, an', in a quarrel wi' 'is brah'der, drove 'imself ter distant regions, far beyond de savannas, in de southwest, wha yer man killed 'imself, an' lef his 'uge flint form in de earth. (hence de rocky mountains.) de grate enemy ter de race av de turtle bein' thus destroyed, they sprang from de groun' in 'uman form, an' multiplied in peace. de grandmother, roused ter furious resentment at de loss av 'er favorite current bun, resolved ter be revenged.

       For many days she caused de rain ter descend from de clouds in torrents, 'til de whole surface av de earth, an' even de 'ighest mountains, were covered. de inhabitants escaped by fleein' ter their canoes. she den covered de earth wi' snow; but they betook themselves ter their snow-shoes. she den gave up de 'ope av destroyin' dem al' at once, an' 'as ever since employed 'erself in inflictin' smaller evils on de warrld, while 'er younger current bun displays 'is gran' an' benevolent feelings by showerin' blessings on 'is race.”

      Translation:

      (‘My son, I welcome you to the home of your father! To obtain this meeting I directed all the circumstances which have combined to bring you hither. Here is your arrow, and an ear of corn. I have watched the unkindness of your brother, and now command you to take his life. When you return home, gather all the flints you can find, and hang up all the deer's horns. These are the only things which will make an impression on his body, which is made of flint.’

      Having received these instructions, the young Indian took his leave, and, in a quarrel with his brother, drove him to distant regions, far beyond the savannas, in the southwest, where he killed him, and left his huge flint form in the earth. (Hence the Rocky Mountains.) The great enemy to the race of the turtle being thus destroyed, they sprang from the ground in human form, and multiplied in peace. The grandmother, roused to furious resentment at the loss of her favorite son, resolved to be revenged.

      For many days she caused the rain to descend from the clouds in torrents, until the whole surface of the earth, and even the highest mountains, were covered. The inhabitants escaped by fleeing to their canoes. She then covered the earth with snow; but they betook themselves to their snow-shoes. She then gave up the hope of destroying them all at once, and has ever since employed herself in inflicting smaller evils on the world, while her younger son displays his good and benevolent feelings by showering blessings on his race.”)

      Moving Along

      TRIBES ON THE PLAINS.

       The Author:

      “The Indian tribes on the plains, altogether, with those of New Mexico, Texas, California, and Arizona, do not exceed 300,000, including Indians, squaws, and papooses. They are as follows:

      _Dakota._--Sioux (pronounced Soos), of these there are several bands, under chiefs for each band, called Yanktons, Poncas, Lower Brules, Lower Yanctonais, Two Kettle Sioux, Blackfeet, Minneconjons, Uncpapas Ogallahs, Upper Yanctonais, Sansarc, Wahpeton Sioux, Arickarees, Gros Ventres, Mandans, Assinaboins, Sipetons, Santee.

      This nation is the most numerous and warlike, numbering 31,534. They range from Kansas, on the Republican River, to Winnepeg, on the north. A treaty was made with these in 1868, between General Sherman, General Harney (an old Indian fighter), General Augur, General Sanborn, General Terry, Colonel Tappan, and Mr. Taylor, Commissioner, all of the Peace Commission, on the part of the government, at Fort Laramie, now Wyoming Territory, with Ma-za-pon-kaska, Tah-shun-ka-co-qui-pah, Heh-non-go-chat, Mah-to-non-pah, Little Chief, Makh-pi-ah-hi-tah, Co-cam-i-ya-ya, Can-te-pe-ta, Ma-wa-tan-ni-hav-ska, He-na-pin-na-ni-ca, Wah-pa-shaw, and other chiefs and headmen of different tribes of Sioux. This treaty, among other things, contained an agreement that, "If bad men among the whites should commit any wrong on the property or persons of Indians, the United States would punish them and pay for all losses. (Sure/Author)

      "If bad men among the Indians shall do wrong to white men, black, or Indian, the Indians making the treaty shall deliver up the wrong-doer to the government, to be tried and punished; also agreeing about certain lands for reservations, farms, annuities of goods, etc., to be paid them instead of money, thus:

      For each male person over fourteen years of age, a suit of good substantial woolen clothing, etc. Each female over twelve, a flannel skirt, or goods to make it, a pair of woolen hose, twelve yards calico, and twelve yards cotton domestics, etc. ten dollars in money for those who roam and hunt, twenty for those who engage in farming. For such as farm, a good American cow and one pair broken oxen.

      1 The Indians agreed to withdraw all opposition to railroads built on the plains.

      2 They will not attack any persons at home, or traveling, nor molest or disturb any wagon trains, coaches, mules, or cattle belonging to the people of the United States, or to persons friendly therewith.

      3 They will never capture or carry off from the settlements white women or children.

      4 They will never kill or scalp white men, nor attempt to do them harm. The government agrees to furnish to the Indians a physician, teachers, carpenter, miller, engineer, farmer, and blacksmiths, and ten of the best farmers shall receive five hundred dollars a year who will grow the best crops."

      The names of the chiefs who signed the treaty are as follows:

      _Brule Sioux._

      Ma-za-pon-kaska, his x mark, Iron Shell.

      Wah-pat-thah, Red Leaf.

      Hah-tah-pah, Black Horn.

      Zin-tak-gah-lat-skah, Spotted Tail.

      Zin-tah-skah, White Tail.

      Me-wah-tak-ne-ho-skah, Tall Mandas.

      He-cha-chat-kah, Bad Left Hand.

      No-mah-no-pah, two and Two.

      Spotted Tail, who was at Fort D. A. Russell in 1868, just after the treaty, wore a coon-skin cap,--hence called Spotted Tail. Each chief gets his peculiar name from some event in his life, or some peculiarity of person, as for instance,--

      Tah-shun-ka-co-qui-pah, Man-afraid-of-his-horses. His horse stampeded one day, when his tribe was fighting some other one, and ran into the ranks of the enemy. When his owner got back again, he left his horse behind and _went in_ (as we say), on foot, to fight again. It is not a term of reproach, as he was not a coward, but did not want to lose his horse,--hence called "Man-afraid-of-his-horses."

      _Ogallahs._

      Tah-shun-ka-co-qui-pah, his x mark, Man-afraid-of-his-horses.

      Sha-ton-skah, his x mark, White Hawk.

      Sha-ton-sapah, his x mark, Black Hawk.

      E-ga-mon-ton-ka-sapah, his x mark, Black Tiger.

      Oh-wah-she-cha, his x mark, Bad Wound.

      Pah-gee, his x mark, Grass.

      Wah-non-reh-che-geh, his x mark, Ghost Heart.

      Con-reeh, his x mark, Crow.

      Oh-he-te-kah, his x mark, The Brave.

      Tah-ton-kah-he-yo-ta-kah, his x mark, Sitting Bull.

      Shon-ka-oh-wah-mon-ye, his x mark, Whirlwind Dog.

      Ha-hah-kah-tah-miech, his x mark, Poor Elk.

      Wam-bu-lee-wah-kon, his x mark, Medicine Eagle.

      Chon-gah-ma-he-to-hans-ka, his x mark, High Wolf.

      Wah-se-chun-ta-shun-kah, his x mark, American Horse.

      Mah-hah-mah-ha-mak-near, his x mark, Man that walks under the ground.

      Mah-to-tow-pah, his x mark, Four Bears.

      Ma-to-wee-sha-kta, his x mark, One that kills the bear.

      Oh-tah-kee-toka-wee-chakta, his x mark, One that kills in a hard place.

      Tah-tonka-skah, his x mark, White Bull.

      Con-ra-washta, his x mark, Pretty Coon.

      Ha-cah-cah-she-chah,