Scotland's Best Small Mountains. Kirstie Shirra

of the natural environment.

      This route on Suilven takes in both Glen Canisp itself and a descent down the beautiful River Kirkaig, passing the stunning 20m cascade of the Falls of Kirkaig.

      Route

      Starting from the parking area on the road to Glencanisp Lodge, continue along the road and take a left fork to pass behind the lodge. From here head right, the road becoming a gravel track with great views of Suilven and Canisp ahead.

      The track divides after 4.5km (147 209) at Suileag. You take the right fork to pass in front of the lovely old wall of a sheiling. This brings you alongside the Abhainn na Clach Airigh, aptly meaning ‘river of the stone sheiling’. The track crosses the river via a bridge just beyond Lochan Buidhe.

      From here you climb gently until you reach a cairn, where you turn off the track onto a path to the right (167 196). This is before the second bridge marked on the map. This small path is boggy at first and climbs up a series of shelves in the landscape to come to Loch a’ Coire Dhuibh.

      The path takes you round the west side of the loch, between it and some smaller lochans, to reach the base of the climb up to the bealach. The route up is steep and eroding in places, but the zigzags in the path make it reasonably straightforward, and the narrow, airy bealach (at 600m) is soon reached. From here the views south over to Stac Pollaidh and the Inverpolly Estate are breathtaking.

      To gain the highest top, Caisteal Liath (‘the grey castle’), follow the path right over a couple of lumps and some exposed sections of ridge before the final climb up some step-like rocks to the summit of Caisteal Liath (731m) (153 183, 10.5km, 3hr30). The top itself is surprisingly large and flat, with stunning 360° views to take in.

      To continue, head back to the bealach, then down a path on the other side. This takes you first down a steep scree gully before giving way to a slightly less steep path cutting diagonally down the hillside below crags. A final steep descent down the side of a small gully brings you onto the level by a small burn. Follow the burn to meet a path at the side of Fionn Loch, along which you go right.

      The path, very boggy in places, runs the length of Fionn Loch, bending round the northwest end to pass between it and Loch Uidh na Ceardaich. You then double-back on yourself to walk down the other side of the loch. There is a great view back to Suilven here, with Fionn Loch in the foreground. When the path divides, take the right fork, happily cutting a corner to come to the River Kirkaig.

      Follow the path down the River Kirkaig, detouring, if you have the energy, to see the beautiful Falls of Kirkaig. The path ends at a small road. Head left along it to reach the main single-track road by the parking area (086 193) (23km, 7hr).

      Alternatives

      Avoiding the road

      Either the Glencanisp or River Kirkaig routes could be used for either approach or return, eliminating the road walk at the end.

4

      Cul Mor (849m) ‘big back’

Start	GR 188 093
Distance	12km
Ascent	760m
Time	4hr30min
Terrain	With a good path to start and end, this is a relatively straightforward route, but does involve navigating across some rough, pathless ground, and a steep, rocky final ascent up the ridge to the summit.
Maps	OS Landranger 15, OS Explorer 439
Access	Cul Mor is part of the Drumrunie Estate owned by the Assynt Foundation (01571 844100).
Getting there	Start at a lay-by on the left of the A835 just past the Knockan Crag car park (188 093). The Ullapool to Lochinver bus passes by Knockan Crag, (Traveline Scotland, 0871 200 22 33, www.travelinescotland.com).
Something else	Visit the Knockan Crag visitor centre to find out more about the fascinating geology of the area (01854 613418, www.knockan-crag.co.uk).

      One of the highest peaks in Assynt, Cul Mor’s rocky summit is a window to both beautiful views, and the history of the formation of the surrounding landscape.

      The twin peaks of Cul Mor

      The ‘big back’ that is Cul Mor rises up from Knockan Crag to the east to overlook Loch Sionascaig and the peak of Stac Pollaidh to the west. Located in the Drumunie Estate, it is now part of the land owned by the Assynt community, who formed the Assynt Foundation to buy the estate and neighbouring Glencanisp in 2005. Together with the smaller peak of Cul Beag, Cul Mor’s rocky flanks dominate the view as you drive north from Ullapool.

      While just one of the famous Assynt peaks, and less well known than Suilven and Stac Pollaidh, Cul Mor does sit at the heart of a major geological debate.

      The so-called ‘Highland controversy’, over the way the landscape and rocks of Scotland were formed, began here in the 1850s, and has gone on to shape our understanding of the geology of the world. Prominent Victorian geologists Murchison and Geikie argued that the layers of rock in the Northwest Highlands must have formed vertically, younger rocks forming on top of older ones. They dismissed claims from less well-established figures, such as Nicol and Lapworth, that there were in fact younger rocks beneath older ones, demonstrating that there must be horizontal forces at work in the formation of the landscape.

      It was not until the 1880s that this latter theory was accepted as correct, and with it the identification of the Moine Thrust. We now know that the Moine Thrust was formed 430 million years ago when Scotland, then part of America, collided with England and Wales, causing huge sheets of rock to be thrust up to the west to form many of the Northwest Highlands’ most recognisable mountains.

      Knockan Crag, at the foot of Cul Mor, was one of the most important sites in identifying the Moine Thrust and the horizontal movement of rocks. Today it forms the Knockan Crag National Nature Reserve, and is home to a visitor centre explaining more about the geology and global processes at work on the rocks and landscapes all around us.

      Route

      A good path leaves the lay-by, heading north to pass to the west of Lochan Fhionnlaidh. It leads you gently up and round the hummocky landscape, with good views back to Knockan Crag.

      This good path ends at a large cairn (185 111) at the foot of the wide shoulder of Meallan Diomhain, just over 2km from the start. From here, head west-northwest on a rough, peaty path up the shoulder. It becomes rockier, with the gradient easing at about 500m. The path is hard to spot in places, but continue west with a line of cairns guiding you towards the summit.

      Once at the cairn marking the high point of Meallan Diomhain at 600m (170 116), the severe rock crags on the face of Cul Mor make it apparent why a direct ascent from here is not possible. Instead, after taking in the good views southwest to Cul Beag, go north-northwest, descending briefly to head towards the northeast ridge of Cul Mor. The ridge is easily gained by way of rough but not too steep ground.

      Knockan Crag

      Ascend the ridge, climbing southwest as it becomes increasingly steep and narrow. On the lower section of the ridge you can avoid most of the rocky outcrops, but as you climb, the ridge becomes almost entirely rock, with the final section requiring you to clamber over large boulders to reach the summit trig point (849m) (162 119, 6km, 2hr30). There are great views over the lochs and peaks of Inverpolly, particularly that of Coigach.

      To continue, descend gently west then south to the col between the summit and Creag nan Calman. It is then worth the short steep climb to the top of Creag nan Calman (828m) for the views of Cul Beag and Stac Pollaidh.

      The easiest descent is to return