Automation of Water Resource Recovery Facilities. Water Environment Federation

and Control; Manual of Water Supply Practices—M2; American Water Works Association: Denver, Colorado.

      Construction Specifications Institute (2012) MasterFormat™; Construction Specifications Institute: Alexandria, Virginia.

      Liptak, B.; Venczel, K. (1985) Instrument Engineers’ Handbook, Revised ed.; Chilton Book Co.: Radnor, Pennsylvania.

      National Institute of Building Sciences (2012) The Whole Building Design Guide; http://www.wbdg.org./ (accessed May 2012).

      Water Environment Federation (1993) Design of Wastewater and Stormwater Pumping Stations, 2nd ed.; Manual of Practice No. FD-4; Water Environment Federation: Alexandria, Virginia.

      Whitt, M. D. (2004) Successful Instrumentation and Control Systems Design; International Society of Automation: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

Chapter 7

      Process Control Strategies

      Jack Geisenhoff, P.E., PMP

      Mike Abbott, P.E.

      Jeff Coulson, P. Eng, PMP

      Richard S. Haugh, P.E.

      Robert D. Hill, Ph.D, P.E.

       1.0 OBJECTIVE OF AUTOMATIC PROCESS CONTROL

       2.0 CONTROL THEORY

       3.0 MISTAKE PROOFING

       4.0 CONTROL CONCEPTS

       4.1 On–Off Control Versus Modulating Control

       4.2 Open-Loop Versus Closed-Loop Control

       4.3 Feed-Forward Versus Feedback Control

       4.4 Step Control

       4.5 Proportional–Integral–Derivative Control

       4.6 Cascade Control

       4.7 Rules-Based Control

       4.8 Model Predictive Control

       4.9 Artificial Neural Networks

       4.9.1 Artificial Neural Network Models

       4.9.2 Artificial Neural Network Models Used for Process Modeling

       4.9.3 Artificial Neural Network Models Used for Process Control

       4.10 Control Strategies

       4.10.1 Lead–Lag Control

       4.10.2 Most-Open Valve Control

       5.0 PUMPING AND FLOW CONTROL STRATEGIES

       5.1 Process Description

       5.1.1 Well Pumping

       5.1.2 Flow Pumping

       5.1.3 Flow Splitting

       5.2 Process Variables

       5.3 Controlled Variables

       5.4 Control Strategies

       5.4.1 Well Pumping—Constant-Speed Pumps

       5.4.2 Well Pumping—Variable-Speed Pumps

       5.4.3 Flow Pumping

       5.4.4 Flow Splitting with Valves or Gates

       6.0 SCREENING, GRIT REMOVAL, AND CONVEYANCE CONTROL STRATEGIES

       6.1 Process Description

       6.1.1 Bar Screens

       6.1.2 Grit Removal

       6.1.3 Conveyance Systems

       6.2 Process Variables

       6.3 Controlled Variables

       6.4 Control Strategies

       6.4.1 Bar Screen Velocity Control

       6.4.2 Bar Screen Cleaning Control

       6.4.3 Grit Settling Velocity Control

       6.4.4 Grit Removal Control

       6.4.5 Conveyance System Control