Automation of Water Resource Recovery Facilities. Water Environment Federation

March 2012).

      U.S. Department of Energy (2002) 21 Steps to Improve Cyber Security of SCADA Networks; U.S. Department of Energy, President’s Critical Infrastructure Protection Board: Washington, D.C.

      WaterWorld Home Page. http://www.pennnet.com (accessed March 2012).

      Whitt, M. D. (2004) Successful Instrumentation and Control System Design; Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

Chapter 4

      Process and Instrumentation Diagram

      Peter R. Craan, P.E., CAP

       1.0 INTRODUCTION

       2.0 HOW TO CREATE A PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM

       2.1 Process Flow Diagrams

       2.1.1 Symbols

       2.1.2 Computer-Aided Design Software

       2.2 Instrument List

       2.3 Input/Output List

       2.4 Panel List

       2.5 Cable and Conduit List

       2.6 Process Control Narratives

       2.7 Panel and Field Instrument Specifications

       2.8 Electrical Schematics

       2.9 Instrument Loop Diagrams

       2.10 Equipment Location Drawings

       2.11 Control System Architecture Diagram

       3.0 PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS AS COMMUNICATION TOOLS

       3.1 Contract Bid Documents

       3.2 End User and Owner Feedback

       3.3 Operator Training

       3.4 Operator-Interface Graphics Development

       3.5 As-Built Documentation

       3.6 Coordination with Other Design Disciplines

       4.0 INTELLIGENT PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS

       4.1 Streamlined Diagram Development

       4.1.1 Object-Based Schematics

       4.1.2 Modular System

       4.1.3 Integration with External Data Sources

       4.1.4 Interoperability

       4.1.5 Symbol Management Tools

       4.1.6 Review and Navigation Tools

       4.1.7 Component Management Tools

       4.2 Automatically Generated Lists

       4.3 Design History for As-Built Drawings

       4.4 Construction, Startup, Operation, Maintenance, and Asset Management Uses

       5.0 PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS FOR NONPROCESS SYSTEMS

       6.0 REFERENCES

       7.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

      Instrumentation and controls (I&C) systems represent an integral part of designing a new or upgraded water resource recover facility (WRRF). As such, process and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) are an important part of the process.

      Process and instrumentation diagrams are schematics that illustrate all the components of a WRRF. A P&ID typically provides enough information for the project team and stakeholders to understand how the treatment process will be measured and controlled, but leaves out details that require a specialist’s expertise. These details are covered in related specifications, data sheets, instrument lists, logic diagrams, and installation details.

      Design engineers have various philosophies on how to use P&IDs in WRRF design. Some engineers, for example, use them to develop piping and equipment designs. However, this approach can make other design documents too dependent on P&IDs and can actually hinder their progress.

      A more common approach is to use P&IDs to develop instrumentation and electrical designs. In this instance, P&IDs would include all instrumentation connections, control panels, workstations, signal lines, and electrical power needs. For example, it would show which instruments and control panels need 120 VAC and which control valves and other elements need air supply. It also might include other equipment’s power needs, motor control centers (MCCs), variable-frequency drives (VFDs), and power distribution. Electrical engineers would then use P&IDs to develop power-distribution drawings for all equipment.