Automation of Water Resource Recovery Facilities. Water Environment Federation

R.; Hollmann, J.; Humphreys, K.; McDonald, D., Jr.; Miller, C. A.; Pickett, T.; Pietlock, B.; Querns, W.; Short, D.; Stephenson, L.; Whiteside, J. (2011) Cost Estimate Classification System, TCM Framework: 7.3—Cost Estimating and Budgeting; Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering: Morgantown, West Virginia.

      Hamilton, G.; Arzbaecher, C.; Ehrhard, R.; Murphy, J. (2009) Driving Energy Efficiency in the U.S. Water & Wastewater Industry by Focusing on Operating and Maintenance Cost Reductions. Proceedings of the ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry; American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy: Washington, D.C.

      Jones, T. (2006) Water-Wastewater Committee: Program Opportunities in the Municipal Sector: Priorities for 2006. Presentation to the Consortium for Energy Efficiency June Program Meeting; June 14, Boston, Massachusetts; Consortium for Energy Efficiency: Boston, Massachusetts.

      Kaplan, R.; Norton, D. (1996) The Balanced Scorecard; Harvard Business School Press: Boston, Massachusetts.

      Patrick, R. (1997) Benchmarking Wastewater Operations—Collection, Treatment, and Biosolids Management; Water Environment Research Foundation: Alexandria, Virginia.

      Savitz, A. W; Weber, K. (2006) The Triple Bottom Line: How Today’s Best-Run Companies Are Achieving Economic, Social and Environmental Success—and How You Can Too; Jossey-Bass/Wiley & Sons: New York.

      Tchobanoglous, G. (2003) Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse, 4th ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York.

      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1999) Drinking Water Needs Survey, Modeling the Cost of Infrastructure; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, D.C.

      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2009) Clean Energy Opportunities in Water & Wastewater Treatment Facilities; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, D.C.

      U.S. Government Accountability Office (2004) Water Infrastructure: Comprehensive Asset Management Has Potential to Help Utilities Better Identify Needs and Plan Future Investments; GAO-04-461; U.S. Government Accountability Office: Washington, D.C.

      U.S. Office of Management and Budget (1992) Guidelines and Discount Rates for Benefit-Cost Analysis of Federal Programs; OMB-Circular No. A-94, Revised (Transmittal Memo No. 64); U.S. Office of Management and Budget: Washington, D.C.

      Water Environment Research Foundation (2002) Sensing and Control Systems: A Review of Municipal and Industrial Experiences; WERF Project No. 99-WWF-4; Water Environment Research Foundation: Alexandria, Virginia.

      Water Environment Federation (2009) Energy Conservation in Water and Wastewater Treatment Facilities; WEF Manual of Practice No. 32; McGraw-Hill: New York.

7.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

      Roberts, D. W.; Kubel, D. B. (2008) Costs and Benefits of Complete Water Treatment Plant Automation; American Water Works Association Research Foundation and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Denver, Colorado.

      Roberts, D. W.; Kubel, D. B. (2005) SCADA and Plant Automation: Balancing Return-On-Investment with Strategic Objectives. Proceedings of the 83rd Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference [CD-ROM]; Oct 2–6, New Orleans, Louisiana; Water Environment Federation: Alexandria, Virginia.

      The Investment FAQ. http://invest-faq.com (accessed Jan 2013).

      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2010) Evaluation of Energy Conservation Techniques for Wastewater Treatment Facilities; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, D.C.

Chapter 3

      Complete Automation Design

      Peter R. Craan, P.E., CAP

       1.0 THE DESIGN PROCESS

       1.1 Project Structure

       1.2 Predesign Phase

       1.3 Detailed Design Phase

       1.4 Final Design Phase

       2.0 DESIGN DOCUMENTS

       2.1 Bid Documents

       2.1.1 Specifications

       2.1.1.1 General Requirements for Process Automation Systems

       2.1.1.2 Factory Testing

       2.1.1.3 Panel Enclosure

       2.1.1.4 Operator Interface Terminals

       2.1.1.5 Panel-Mounted Devices

       2.1.1.6 Networking Equipment

       2.1.1.7 Input/Output List

       2.1.1.8 Instrument List or Index

       2.1.1.9 Network Cabling

       2.1.1.10 Uninterruptible Power Supplies

       2.1.1.11 Process Control Narratives

       2.1.1.12 Programming Standards

       2.1.1.13 Field Instruments

       2.1.2 Drawings

       2.1.2.1 Process Flow Diagrams

       2.1.2.2 Process and Instrument Diagrams

       2.1.2.3 Process Control System Architecture Diagram

       2.1.2.4 Elementary Wiring Diagrams