Clinical Applications of Human Anatomy and Physiology for Healthcare Professionals. Jassin M. Jouria

14 The Nervous System Introduction Components of the Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Major Neurotransmitters Common Brain and Central Nervous System Disorders Conclusion Questions References 15 The Reproductive System Introduction Male Reproductive Organs: Gross Anatomy Male Reproductive Organ Physiology Female Reproductive Organ Gross Anatomy Female Reproductive Organ Physiology Adolescent Sexual Development Effects of Aging on Male and Female Reproductive Organs Conclusion Questions References Glossary

      FOREWORD

      Clinical Applications of Human Anatomy & Physiology for Healthcare Professionals is an exceptional undertaking to educate student nurses on the basics of human anatomy and physiology. It is comprehensive yet straightforward with helpful illustrations to support learning content.

      True to his style as a physician and author, Dr. Jassin Jouria has written a text for students on the topic of Clinical Applications of Human Anatomy & Physiology for Healthcare Professionals with extensive peer review by advanced nursing colleagues from varied practice backgrounds. This is to ensure nursing readers will gain from a wide perspective of expert clinicians who reviewed the text material for quality of presentation as well as relevance to nursing learning.

      What do experienced nurses say about Dr. Jouria’s text book?

      The text chapters are easy to read and to understand. Aspects of human anatomy and physiology can be difficult to understand due to the many systems and body functions. The author takes the reader step by step through the varied body systems with easy to grasp explanations. The many illustrations and diagrams help to see what is being described in the text. The chapters are excellent.

      Often nurses begin their careers with not a whole lot of experience in every body system. The text made an impressive effort to take readers through basic concepts of body system anatomy and physiology. The sections are well organized, and just the right amount of basic learning content for each body system.

      New nursing students often feel overwhelmed when studying the complex parts of each body system, because there is just so much to remember. The text is concise and breaks down subtopics within each chapter to make learning very doable and interesting.

      The case studies provided are poignant and often include contemporary health concerns.

      All the information a student needs to know about varied body systems is discussed. The information presented is good and thorough and the level appropriate for nursing students.

      Over the past years, it has been my great pleasure to work with Dr. Jouria to develop online learning content for nurses working in all areas of healthcare. Dr. Jouria’s approach and thoughtful style to address healthcare topics and contemporary issues, and his keen interest in interdisciplinary health team roles, interprofessional collaboration, and support of the nursing profession have been greatly admired and appreciated.

      S.F. DePasquale, MSN, FPMHNP-BC

      Helena, Montana

      PREFACE

      Anatomy and physiology has always been a very difficult subject to study, not to mention – to master. This textbook started out with the thought that any difficult subject should be broken down into separate components. Inherently, it is easy to break down anatomy and physiology into separate components as the human body is a compilation of separate organ systems functioning as a whole. While any good anatomy and physiology textbook is presented by organ system, this text is distinguished from other textbooks as it is streamlined to present the importance of the clinical significance of the organ system being studied. This author believes something is learned best by a group, when the group understands, and believes, in why they are learning the respective material.

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

      I would like to express my gratitude to the following people who polished this book by providing their support, read, wrote, offered comments, allowed me to quote their remarks and assisted in the editing, proofreading and design.

      Susan DePasquale, MA, MSN, FPMHNP-BC

      Dana Bartlett, RN, BSN, MSN, MS, CSPI

      Cindy Bauman, MSN, PMHNP-BC

      Overview of Human Anatomy and Physiology

      Learning Objectives

      At the completion of this chapter the student will be able to:

      1.Define anatomy and physiology, and list the structural levels of organization in the human body.

      2.Differentiate and understand the characteristics of living organisms.

      3.Describe the role of homeostasis in the human body, and provide specific examples.

      4.Identify the major organ systems of the body and describe their purpose.

      5.Use proper anatomical terminology to describe the body and relative positions.

      6.Discern and appreciate the types of movement