Clinical Applications of Human Anatomy and Physiology for Healthcare Professionals. Jassin M. Jouria

pertains to cells and structures or even functions of an organ only visible through microscopic viewing or analysis.

      Learning Objective: 1

      3.Define the overall purpose of anatomical terminology and positioning for medical personnel.

      A.Ensures a static and scientific method that is used around the world to correctly ascertain anatomical positioning, i.e. anterior/posterior or proximal/distal to denote precise physical position.

      B.It’s a process that is used in the U.S. that divides the body into upper and lower sections for easier study by medical students.

      C.Anatomical terminology changes with physiological aspects of the body caused by changes in any of the body’s organisms and aids in diagnostics.

      D.Anatomical terminology and positioning cues serve as an aid to medical personnel when it comes to imaging studies and results.

      Answer: A. Anatomical terminology and positioning is an essential and universal aspect of medical education that serves as a fundamental and precise use of terms to refer to specific locations of the body.

      Learning Objective: 5

      4.Which of the following adequately describe the six major characteristics of living organisms?

      A.Positive feedback, negative feedback, homeostasis, oxygen, one-celled organism, reproduction.

      B.Multicellular, contain RNA, negative pH balance, non-structured form, serve as a host cell, growth.

      C.One or more cells, use energy, are organized, grow, produce, have a stable environment.

      D.Undergo mitosis, have only one function, always mature, reproduce, have receptors, use energy.

      Answer: C. All living organisms require six characteristics: are unicellular or multicellular in structure, are organized and undergo metabolism. They must also grow and develop and reproduce, and finally, must have a stable internal environment (homeostasis).

      Learning Objective: 2

       ■References

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1.			North Hunterdon-Voorhees Regional High School District [Internet] “All Living Things Share Certain Characteristics”. Accessed March 30, 2017. Available from http://www.nhvweb.net/nhhs/science/wking/files/2011/09/IntroAnatomy-wking-v1-Compatibility-Mode.pdf
2.			Lumen Boundless Biology [internet] “Energy and Metabolism”. Accessed March 2017. Available from https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/metabolism-6/energy-and-metabolism-68/the-role-of-energy-and-metabolism/
3.			Elaine Marieb and Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology. 10th ed. (San Francisco, CA: Pearson, 2016), 4 p.
4.			Khan Academy [Internet] “Homeostasis”, accessed April 2917. Available from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/principles-of-physiology/body-structure-and-homeostasis/a/homeostasis
5.			Elaine Marieb and Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology. 10th ed. (San Francisco, CA: Pearson, 2016), 9 p.
6.			Martini. Anatomy & Physiology. [Internet] Accessed April 2017. Available from http://wps.aw.com/wps/media/objects/451/462581/CH01/html/ch1_4_1.html. Pearson Education, Inc. 2003
7.			Carolee Sormunen, Terminology for Allied Health Professionals. 5th ed. (Canada: Thomson, 2003), 19 p.
8.			Elaine Marieb and Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology. 10th ed. (San Francisco: Pearson, 2016), 18 p.
9.			Carolee Sormunen, Terminology for Allied Health Professionals. 5th ed. (Canada: Thomson, 2003), 498 p.
10.			The Physics Factbook. An encyclopedia of scientific essays [Internet] “Surface Area of Human Skin”. Accessed April 2017. Available from http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/IgorFridman.shtml
11.			Elaine Marieb and Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology. 10th ed. (San Francisco: Pearson, 2016), 153 p.
12.			Ibid. 772 p.
13.			Medscape [Internet] “Skeletal System Anatomy in Children and Toddlers. Accessed April 2017. Available from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1899256-overview. Skeletal System Anatomy in Children and Toddlers.
14.			Wilma Phipps, Frances Monahan, Judith Sands, Jane Marek, Marianne Neighbors. Medical-Surgical Nursing Health and Illness Perspectives. (St. Louis: Mosby, 2003), 1437 p.
15.			Ibid.
16.