21 урок для XXI века. Юваль Ной Харари

about Trolley Problems and Other Sacrificial Dilemmas in Moral Psychology’, Social and Personality Psychology Compass 8:9 (2014), 536–554.

      59

      John M. Darley and Daniel C. Batson, ‘“From Jerusalem to Jericho”: A Study of Situational and Dispositional Variables in Helping Behavior’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 27:1 (1973), 100–108.

      60

      Kristofer D. Kusano and Hampton C. Gabler, ‘Safety Benefits of Forward Collision Warning, Brake Assist, and Autonomous Braking Systems in Rear-End Collisions’, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 13:4 (2012), 1546–1555; James M. Anderson et al., Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for Policymakers (Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 2014), esp. 13–15; Daniel J. Fagnant and Kara Kockelman, ‘Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Barriers and Policy Recommendations’, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 77 (2015), 167–181.

      61

      Tim Adams, ‘Job Hunting Is a Matter of Big Data, Not How You Perform at an Interview’, Guardian, 10 May 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/10/job-hunting-big-data-interview-algorithms-employees, accessed 6 September 2017.

      62

      Необычайно глубокую дискуссию на эту тему см. в Cathy O’Neil, Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy (New York: Crown, 2016). Эту работу обязательно следует прочесть тем, кого интересует потенциальное влияние алгоритмов на общество и политику.

      63

      Bonnefon, Shariff and Rawhan, ‘Social Dilemma of Autonomous Vehicles’.

      64

      Vincent C. Müller and Thomas W. Simpson, ‘Autonomous Killer Robots Are Probably Good News’, University of Oxford, Blavatnik School of Government Policy Memo, November 2014; Ronald Arkin, Governing Lethal Behaviour: Embedding Ethics in a Hybrid Deliberative/Reactive Robot Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, Mobile Robot Lab, 2007, 1–13.

      65

      Bernd Greiner, War without Fronts: The USA in Vietnam, trans. Anne Wyburd and Victoria Fern (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009), 16. По меньшей мере одно свидетельство эмоционального состояния солдат см. в Herbert Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton, ‘The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience’ in Jodi O’Brien and David M. Newman (eds.), Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life Reading (Los Angeles: Pine Forge Press, 2010), 13–25.

      66

      Robert J. Donia, Radovan Karadzic: Architect of the Bosnian Genocide (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015). См. также: Isabella Delpla, Xavier Bougarel and Jean-Louis Fournel, Investigating Srebrenica: Institutions, Facts, and Responsibilities (New York, Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2012).

      67

      Noel E. Sharkey, ‘The Evitability of Autonomous Robot Warfare’, International Rev. Red Cross 94 (886) 2012, 787–799.

      68

      Ben Schiller, ‘Algorithms Control Our Lives: Are They Benevolent Rulers or Evil Dictators?’, Fast Company, 21 February 2017, https://www.fastcompany.com/3068167/algorithms-control-our-lives-are-they-benevolent-rulers-or-evil-dictators, accessed 17 September 2017.

      69

      Elia Zureik, David Lyon and Yasmeen Abu-Laban (eds.), Surveillance and Control in Israel/Palestine: Population, Territory and Power (London: Routledge, 2011); Elia Zureik, Israel’s Colonial Project in Palestine (London: Routledge, 2015); Torin Monahan (ed.), Surveillance and Security: Technological Politics and Power in Everyday Life (London: Routledge, 2006); Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, ‘E-Resistance and Technological In/Security in Everyday Life: The Palestinian case’, British Journal of Criminology, 52:1 (2012), 55–72; Or Hirschauge and Hagar Sheizaf, ‘Targeted Prevention: Exposing the New System for Dealing with Individual Terrorism’, Haaretz, 26 May 2017, https://www.haaretz.co.il/magazine/.premium-1.4124379, accessed 17 September 2017; Amos Harel, ‘The IDF Accelerates the Crisscrossing of the West Bank with Cameras and Plans to Surveille all Junctions’, Haaretz, 18 June 2017, https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/.premium-1.4179886, accessed 17 September 2017; Neta Alexander, ‘This is How Israel Controls the Digital and Cellular Space in the Territories’, 31 March 2016, https://www.haaretz.co.il/magazine/.premium-MAGAZINE-1.2899665, accessed 12 January 2018; Amos Harel, ‘Israel Arrested Hundreds of Palestinians as Suspected Terrorists Due to Publications on the Internet’, Haaretz, 16 April 2017, https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/.premium-1.4024578, accessed 15 January 2018; Alex Fishman, ‘The Argaman Era’, Yediot Aharonot, Weekend Supplement, 28 April 2017, 6.

      70

      Yotam Berger, ‘Police Arrested a Palestinian Based on an Erroneous Translation of “Good Morning” in His Facebook Page’, Haaretz, 22 October 2017, https://www.haaretz.co.il/.premium-1.4528980, accessed 12 January 2018.

      71

      William Beik, Louis XIV and Absolutism: A Brief Study with Documents (Boston, MA: Bedford/St Martin’s, 2000).

      72

      O’Neil, Weapons of Math Destruction, цитируемая работа; Penny Crosman, ‘Can AI Be Programmed to Make Fair Lending Decisions?’, American Banker, 27 September 2016, https://www.americanbanker.com/news/can-ai-be-programmed-to-make-fair-lending-decisions, ссылка актуальна на 17 September 2017.

      73

      Matt Reynolds, ‘Bias Test to Prevent Algorithms Discriminating Unfairly’, New Scientist, 29 May 2017, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23431195–300-bias-test-to-prevent-algorithms-discriminating-unfairly/, ссылка актуальна на 17 September 2017; Claire Cain Miller, ‘When Algorithms Discriminate’, New York Times, 9 July 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/10/upshot/when-algorithms-discriminate.html, ссылка актуальна на 17 September 2017; Hannah Devlin, ‘Discrimination by Algorithm: Scientists Devise Test to Detect AI Bias’, Guardian, 19 December 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/19/discrimination-by-algorithm-scientists-devise-test-to-detect-ai-bias, ссы�